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Cholinergic and Adrenergic drugs
Cholinergic and Adrenergic drugs for the FND exam
49
Pharmacology
Professional
09/20/2011

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Term
Pentobarbital
Definition
GABA enhancer, intermediate time to sedation if given IV
Term
Thiopental
Definition
GABA enhancer, extremely fast time to sedation if given IV
Term
Phenobarbital
Definition
GABA enhancer, slow acting, but long lasting, sedation if given IV
Term
Physostigmine
Definition
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, can enter the brain, but it is not used for brain disorders
Term
Neostigmine
Definition
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, can't enter the brain
Term
Acetylcholine
Definition
Muscarinic and nicotinic receptor agonist
Term
Edrophonium
Definition
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, short duration of action, reverses muscle paralysis in anesthesia
Term
Echothiophate
Definition
Irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, can be used for glaucoma
Term
Sarin
Definition
Irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, no medical use
Term
Bethanechol
Definition
Muscarinic agonist, for GI motility
Term
Carbachol
Definition
Muscarinic agonist, glaucoma treatment
Term
Muscarine
Definition
Muscarinic agonist, from mushrooms
Term
Nicotine
Definition
Increases heart rate and blood pressure, nicotinic agonist
Term
Atropine
Definition
Muscarinic antagonist, increases heart rate, causes dry mouth
Term
Curare
Definition
Nicotinic antagonist at the neuromuscular junction
Term
Hexamethonium
Definition
Nicotinic antagonist at the ganglia
Term
Pralidoxime
Definition
Nucleophile to break sarin bond to acetylcholinesterase
Term
Donepezil
Definition
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, site of action is the brain
Term
Epinephrine
Definition
Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, Beta 2 agonist
Term
Norepinephrine
Definition
Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1 agonist
Term
Isoproterenol
Definition
Beta 1, Beta 2 agonist
Term
Phenylephrine
Definition
Alpha 1 agonist, leading to increase in blood pressure and reflexive decrease in heart rate
Term
Phentolamine
Definition
Competitive alpha 1 and alpha 2 antagonist
Term
Metyrosine
Definition
Tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, blocks all catecholamine synthesis in CNS and periphery
Term
L-Dopa
Definition
Increases dopamine production, used to treat Parkinson's Disease
Term
Clonidine
Definition
Alpha 2 agonist used to decrease blood pressure in an oral formulation
Term
Tyramine
Definition
Increaes the release of norepinephrine, but is normally metabolized quickly by MAO. Only significant if MAO is inhibited
Term
Amphetamine
Definition
Catecholamine reuptake inhibitor, increases norepinephrine release by reversing the reuptake pump
Term
Ephedrine
Definition
Increases release of norepinephrine, weak agonist of alpha 1, beta 1, beta 2. Used as a decongestant
Term
Cocaine
Definition
Catecholamine reuptake inhibitor, local anesthetic properties
Term
Desipramine
Definition
Selectively inhibits norepinephrine reuptake
Term
Phenelzine
Definition
Non-selective MAO inhibitor
Term
Selegiline
Definition
Selective MAO-B inhibitor
Term
Aminophylline
Definition
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor that can increase cardiac stimulation leading to arrhythmias, and can increase CNS excitation leading to convulsions. Used to treat apnea in infants.
Term
Slidenafil
Definition
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases cyclic GMP to relax vascular smooth muscle
Term
Dopamine
Definition
Low dose dilates renal vasculature, higher dose causes cardiac stimulation, highest dose causes overall vasoconstriction. Used to increase cardiac output while preserving renal function.
Term
Dobutamine
Definition
Beta 1>beta 2 with some alpha 1 agonist activity. Beta 1 allows selective increase in force of cardiac contraction, inotropic effect>chronotropic effect
Term
Albuterol
Definition
Beta 2 agonist for bronchodilation
Term
Ritrodrine
Definition
Beta 2 agonist to prevent premature labor
Term
Phenoxybenzamine
Definition
Noncompetitive alpha 1 and alpha 2 antagonist
Term
Prazosin
Definition
Alpha 1 antagonist, side effect of orthostatic hypertension on first dose
Term
Tamsulosin
Definition
Alpha 1A antagonist, for BPH treatment
Term
Yohimbine
Definition
Competitive alpha 2 antagonist, produces CNS effects, also used as an aphrodisiac
Term
Propranolol
Definition
Beta 1 and beta 2 antagonist
Term
Metroprolol
Definition
Beta 1 antagonist, provide exercise tolerance, better recovery from hypoglycemic episodes
Term
Pindolol
Definition
Beta blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, blocks increase in heat rate and cardiac output
Term
Carvedilol
Definition
Beta and alpha antagonist with anti-oxidant and antiproliferative activity. Reduces morbidity and mortality in patients with moderate heart failure
Term
Labetalol
Definition
Beta and alpha antagonist used for hypertension in pregnancy
Term
Reserpine
Definition
prevents vesicular storage of catecholamines to lower blood pressure, but causes depression as a side effect
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