Term
| where is cholesterol derived from? |
|
Definition
| diet and synthesized from acetyl CoA |
|
|
Term
| how is cholesterol present? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is cholesterol transported |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is cholesterol excreted |
|
Definition
| unchanged or as bile acids |
|
|
Term
| what is the rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis? |
|
Definition
| HMG CoA->Mevalonate by HMG reductase |
|
|
Term
| where is the location of HMG CoA reductase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which organ synthesizes the highest amt of cholesterol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which organ synthesizes the lowest amount of cholesterol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of lipoprotein transports |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is dietary cholesterol transported? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name some factors that increase intracellular free cholesterol concentration |
|
Definition
| biosynthesis, dietary intake, hydrolysis of CE, receptor mediated uptake of cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| what are some of the factors that decrease intracellular cholesterol? |
|
Definition
| down regulation of the LDL receptor, ACAT activation (free->CE), conversion (cholesterol->bile acids), efflux to lipoproteins. |
|
|
Term
| Give an example of some statins used to inhibit HMG reductase |
|
Definition
| Zocor, pravachol, mevacor. make reaction reversible and competitively inhibits |
|
|
Term
| what is the sterol independent way of affecting HMG activity? |
|
Definition
| protein kinase and phosphoprotein phosphatase |
|
|
Term
| what is an activator HMG reductase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are inhibitors of HMG coA reductase |
|
Definition
| glucagon, glucocorticoids |
|
|
Term
| what is the rate limiting reaction in the synthesis of bile acid |
|
Definition
| cholesterol->7 alpha hydroxycholesterol by hydroxylase |
|
|
Term
| these two BA are synthesized in the liver from cholesterol |
|
Definition
| cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid |
|
|
Term
| primary bile acids are converted to bile salts by conjugation with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a deficiency in 7a hydroxylase leads to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid conjugated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all primary and secondary bile acids are absorbed ileum and via the enterohepatic circulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what controls secretion of bile acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are gallstones created? |
|
Definition
| excess cholesterol enters the bile than can be solubilized and precipitates into stones |
|
|
Term
| where does vitD synthesis begin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cholesterol, CE, collagen, proteoglycan, elastin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transport of cholesterol for excretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| delivers cholesterol to tissues |
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|
