Term
|
Definition
| only high IV doses result in short term effects because it is rapidly hydrolyzed by cholinesterases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
used for ocular surgery
direct into anterior chamber to decrease IOP and produce miosis
20 min effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sweat spot test: autonomic neuropathy in diabetics
(subdermal idodide produces black spots) |
|
|
Term
| Methacholine (provocholine) |
|
Definition
lasts longer than ACh
inhaled in nebulized solutions of methacholine chloride causes bronchoconstriction in dx airway hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opthamalic drops to reduce IOP in glaucoma or ocular hypertension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intracameral instillation to produces miosis in ocular surgery
decreases IOP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| significant nicotinic activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adverse effects (GI and cardio) if given systemically, therefore limited to opthamalic applications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases GI and GU tone and motility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| promotes emptying of bladder in non-obstructive urinary retention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| only choline ester given systemically, so most likely to give systemic side effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
isolated from the mushroom Amanita muscaria
once used in neurohumoral therapy\
no clinical uses today |
|
|
Term
| Pilocarpine (salagenor pilocar) |
|
Definition
| teritiary amine UNCHARGED can cross BBB |
|
|
Term
| Pilocarpine (salagenor pilocar) |
|
Definition
| longer acting than choline esters, but not as potent |
|
|
Term
| Pilocarpine (salagenor pilocar) |
|
Definition
topical application to eye = rapid miosis and accomodation
lasts 4-8 hours |
|
|
Term
| Pilocarpine (salagenor pilocar) |
|
Definition
| initial tx open angle glaucoma: decreases IOP |
|
|
Term
| Pilocarpine (salagenor pilocar) |
|
Definition
| do not use if IOP is > 45 mmHg bc angle will reduce further and worsen attack |
|
|
Term
| Pilocarpine (salagenor pilocar) |
|
Definition
| reverse sympathomimetic myadriatics used for eye exams |
|
|
Term
| Pilocarpine (salagenor pilocar) |
|
Definition
oral: increase saliva
useful for XEROSTOMIA with radiation therapy of head, sjorgrens syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Pilocarpine (salagenor pilocar) |
|
Definition
side effects restricted eye: myopia, blurred, ciliary spasm
systemic: sweat, salivation excess
cardio: sinus tachycardia and HTN
overdose: bradycardia and AV block |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
M3 and M1
orally for xerostomia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nreceptors located at all autonomic ganglia, skeletal muscle, and CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can activate or inhibit nicotinic ACh receptors
(activation followed by desensitization) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase GI tone and motility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acutely increases HR and BP via sympathetic ganglia stimulation and stimulation of adrenal medulla secretion of epinephrine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| toxic at small doses: nausea, vomiting, dizzy, diarrhea, weakness, rapid heart beat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| partial agonist at neuronal nicotinic receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neuropsychiatric changes: hostile, agitation, depressed, suicidal, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulates receptors in brain and blocks actions of nicotine at same time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
evaulate efficacy of myasthenia gravis therapy with pyridostigmine
diagnose myasthenia gravis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
carbamate (intermediate 30 min-6hr)
opthamalic solution causes miosis, accomodation, and decrease IOP for 2 hours (but pilocarpine is more effective) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used with myasthenia gravis to alleviate urinary retention and paralytic ileus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used after anesthesia to reverse neuromuscular blockade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| synthetic carbamate with quarternary ammonium preventing CNS entry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carbamate that can cross BBB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neostigmine with longer duration: 3-6 hours
used for myasthenia gravis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
4-8 hours
myasthenia gravis
quaternary ammonium = no CNS effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
quaternary ammonium= no CNS effects
opthamalic drops glaucoma 4-6 hrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carbamate insecticide used to treat lice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hydrophobic, high affinity for AChE (makes it better for AD)
mild-severe alzheimers symptom management |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transdermal
parkinson's with demetia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
devrived from daffodils
no hepatotoxicity
mild-moderate alzheimers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rarely used due to hepatotoxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unique organophosphate: low lipid solubility, so not systemically abosorbed when applied topically
tx glaucoma when other agents fail
100 hrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rapidly metabolized by birds and mammals to non-toxic metabolites. does not occur in insects and fish, making it an effective and safe insecticide |
|
|
Term
Nerve gas agents
(sarin, soman, tabun, VX) |
|
Definition
| poisoning causes miosis, gland hypersecretion, sweating, and flaccid paralysis, fatique, seizure, coma, resp failure, irritable, giddniness, amnesia, ataxia, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prophylactic for exposure to nerve gas
blocks binding of nerve agents to AChE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can cross BBB
due to wide distribution, DOC for anticholingeric poisoning |
|
|
