Term
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Definition
-no change in bonding
-solid to liquid to gas, etc
(ice melts, liquid boils) |
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| Bond formation releases/takes energy? |
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Definition
| Bond formation = releases energy |
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Term
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Definition
In a chemical process, mass is neither created nor destroyed
(mass of reactants = mass of products) |
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Definition
-bonds are broken & rearranged
-molecular idenity is changed
(Na+CL -> NaCl) |
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| Bond breaking releases/takes energy? |
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Definition
| Bond breaking = takes energy |
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Definition
| releases energy into the environment |
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Definition
| Reaction takes in energy from the environment |
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Definition
| The ability of an atom to pull electrons from other atoms. |
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Definition
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Definition
-unequal sharing of electrons
-when atoms that differ significantly in electronegativity share electrons |
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Definition
an electron is transferred (electric force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions)
-formed between non-metallic & metallic elements |
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Definition
| a measure of the polarity in a chemical bond or molecule, equal to the product of one charge and the distance between the charges |
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Term
| Polar Bond/Polar molecule |
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Definition
| a chemical bond or molecule that has a dipole |
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Term
| For molecules w. B, Si, Ge, & C as the central atom: |
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Definition
-if atoms bonded to central atom are identical = non-polar
-if bonded atoms are not identical & at least one is from group 15,16, or 17 = polar molecule |
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Term
| For neutral molecules w. N, P, As, O, S, & Se as central atom: |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
-going from a solid or liquid or gaseous product
-increase # of product molecules vs. # of reactant molecules |
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Definition
-going from a liquid or gas to a solid product
-decrease in # of product molecules |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
substance whose ability to act as an acid is about the same as it's ability to act as a base
EX = water |
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Term
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Definition
the reaction between an acid & base
-strong acid + weak base
-weak acid + strong base |
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Term
| What is the oxidation state of S in Na2SO4? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A structurally differentiated form of an element |
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Definition
| simplest organic compound (contains only hydrogen & carbon) |
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Term
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Definition
specific way in which the atoms of a molecule are connected to each other
(configuration = connection) |
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Term
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Definition
| same connectivity, but bonds have been rotated |
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Term
| Hydrocarbon Functional Group |
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Definition
| Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl, & Butyl |
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Term
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Definition
| monomers join together to form a polymer |
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Term
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Definition
-monomers have double bond
-formula mass = sum of monomers
-name often ends in -ene (indicating presence of double bond in monomer) |
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Term
| Condensation polymerization |
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Definition
-monomer unit join there is a loss of a small molecule (often water)
-formula mass = less than sum of monomers
-name of polymer often gives a clue that is formed by a condensation reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| disulfide cross-links, stretched w. great tendency to snap back |
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Term
| Heteroatom Functional Groups |
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Definition
=combo of atoms that behave as a singl unit containing at least one atom that is not C or H
-add mass
-create polar bonds
-provide sites for intermolecular interation (hydrogen bonding & reaction) |
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Term
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Definition
-body converts carbs into glucose
=polymers of sugars (glucose)
-main energy source
-excess is stored as glycogen |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbohydrate metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the formation, breakdown and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
1.A system that ranks foods on a scale from 1 to 100 based on their effect on blood-sugar levels
-HI GI = break down carbs fast
-LOW GI = break down carbs & release glucose into bloodstream slowly |
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Term
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Definition
=fatty acids w/trans double bonds
-not recognized b normal processing mechanisms in body
-remain in bloodstream longer
-more prone to arterial deposit |
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Term
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Definition
| a metabolic process that breaks down ingested fats into fatty acids and glycerol and then into simpler compounds that can be used by cells of the body |
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Definition
"bad cholesterol"
-forms plaque & gets clots |
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Term
| High-Density Lipoproteins |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-protective of heart health
-impede VLSL sythnethis in liver
-render LDL particles larger and less sticky
-stabilize plaue formations |
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Term
| Problem w/ Partially-Hydrogenated Oils |
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Definition
| carbon-carbon double bonds rearrange into "trans" form |
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Definition
| amino acids linked together in a chain forming a protein |
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Definition
| can cut both strands of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
-production of human proteins in bacteria
In future: treatment for cancer & diseases, trasnplants & graphs from genetically motified animals, help agriculture by shortening time to evolve improved traits, improve productivity & cut time |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins, Enzymes, & Hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| Observations, Questions, Hypothesis, Predictions, Tests |
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Term
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Definition
| Concise summary of data, generalizes specific observations |
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Term
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Definition
| Explanation of why a Law exists |
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Definition
| based on consistency of observations made by independent groups |
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| same molecular formula, different structures |
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