mountainous country with 2/3 of it's land covered by mountains, hills and plateaus.

Throughout hx, China was made of up many states that were often at war with ea. other.  These states were ruled by dnyasties and were feudalistic societies.

Yangtze River

3rd longest in world

Yellow River

Cradle of Chinese civilization

Reconstruction of Great Wall

Heavy labor and tax burdens

Drand Canal

618 ad-1279 ad

Golden Age of China

Li Po

Antiquity 2200 B.C.

Discovery of fire

Clan members became specialists in warming techniques, pricking w/needles etc.  Were known as Shamans (Wu).  Medicine was integrated with magic to cure illness.

Government run academy graduated docs for purpose of serving the emperor and nobles.

1912-present

First half of 20th century, epidemics were rampant. 

Chinese medicine b/c a symbol of backward way of doing things.  Calls to abolish Chinese medicine.

It's practice was impossible to eradicate. 

March 1929, members of 132 TCM associations congregated in Shanghai.  National Union of Associations for Chinese Medicine were formed.  March 17th was declared birthday of TCM.

Moxa: dried leaves of Artemisia vulgaris

acupuncture and moxibustion used together commonly referred to as

Acu-moxa.  zhen chiu which means needling moxibustion.

acupuncture traced to New Stone Age (10,000-4,000 years ago)

Stone knives or sharp tools were used to puncture and drain abscesses.  Bian stones. 

Bian means "use of sharp edged stone to tx dz".

"Bi", represents a dz of pain almost certainly derived from the use of Bian Stones for tx of painful complaints.

Sage from ~8000 years ago.  Formed first symbols for yin and yang.

I-Ching (Book of Change)

people of this time would meditate and observe the flow of energy within and without.

Tribal chief

2700 B.C.

Ingested many substances to record their effect.

Materia Medica 206 B.C.

~200 BCE

Masters of occult in Eastern China

wandering healers who sought cultivation of inner self and immortality.

Experts in divination, astrology, I Ching, exorcisms, clairvoyance etc.

Goal to attain immortality.  Experts in search for Islands of the Blessed.

9 types of acupuncture needles

first used ~2000 years ago.

4 gold, 5 silver

initially were made of bronze or gold or silver

7 TCM schools

Cold Febrile School

founder: Zhang Zhongjing (Discourse on Fevers)

most influencial school of thought w/longest hx

Pattern differentiation based on febrile dz b/c the most essential in TCM.  Theories of cold toxin, and exogenous Qi, cold damage at nutritive and protective levels were developed.

six-meridian differentiation was a fundamental approach in ddx.

7 TCM schools

Fire/Heat School

led by Liu Wansu (1120-1200 AD)

mechanism of Zan/fu and 6 external evils (pathogens) combined with 5 elements was established.

All external pathogens (wind, dryness, cold, dampness, heat) can result in fire.

Cold/cool herbs and formulas should be used to repress Yang and clear fire.

this school established a 5 element/six pathogen dz classification system

7 TCM schools

Removing Evil School

led by Zhang Congzheng (1156-1228 AD)

Dz results from external pathogens invading the body.

Removing evils is objective of tx dz.

Three approaches to removing evils with herbal meds, moxibustion, acupuncture, bathing, massage, sweating, emesis, and precipitation were developed.

7 TCM schools

Spleen/Stomach school

led by zhang yuansu, li gao, wang haogu and luo tainyi.

A dz and its evolution can be evaluated from the viewpoint of cold/heat and excess/deficiency of zang/gu; internal damage of spleen/stomach from improper diet of excessive working results in dz.

Not being internally deficient can help resist external pathogens and internal imbalance.

Tx strategy:

tonify spleen/stomach, raising yang energy, nourish qi

7 TCM school

Nourishing Yin School

Zhu Zhenheng, Wang Lu and Dai Sigong.

"there is a yang surplus and Yin insufficiency".

Deficiency fire was emphasized.

Tx strategy:

nourish yin

7 TCM schools

Warm Nourishment School

Xue Ji, Sun Yikui, Zhao Xianke, Zhang Jiebin, Li Zhongzi

Ministerial fire theory (xiang huo) and life gate theory (ming men) were further developed by this school.

Herbs with warm, sweet properties were emphasized to nourish the Yang Qi of Spleen/Stomach and Kidney life gate.

7 TCM schools

warm febrile school

wu youxing, ye gui, xue xue, wu tang.

focused on acute epidemic and infectious disease.

Triple burner ddx and differentiation at protective/qi/nutritive/blood levels established by this school b/c the norm in ddx.

Tx strategy:

clear heat

nourish yin

cold and flu formula widely used in clinical practice.

Also known as Sanatana-Dharma

Sanatana-Dharma means eternal religion.

Supreme Yogi

destroyer of evil; creator of new life.

oldest scriptures in world

book of knowledge

dialogue b/t Lord Krishna and arjuna on the battlefield before great war.

Song of the Lord.

Scripture in India

Krishna counsels Arjuna on the greater idea of Dharma, or universal harmony and duty.

coiled one; serpent power or mystical fire

The dormant spiritual energy in all human beings is awakened by the guru.

after awakening spiritual energy, it b/c spontaneous and irresistible inner journey through the six energy centers of the body.

when kundalini achieves union, the seeker experiences the ecstasy of liberation.

mantras serve to pull one's awareness inward toward self or God.

Sound or set of sounds which mirror both our inner source and the original movements of creation.

creative principle and its expression

female

spiritual power; divine cosmic energy wh creates and maintains the universe

Union of human being with God.

four main paths:

Karma--Selflish action; charitable, doing one's duties without concern of results

Bhakti--Devotion, service in Love and Devotion to God

Jnana--knowledge; discriminate b/t what is real and what is not, eternal or not

Raja--discipline

sum total of all energy that is manifested in the universe.

solar power on earth

our breath is the human manifestation of Prana

Hindu Goddess

most popular Goddess.  her creation takes place in the context of a cosmic crisis.