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| before, after, within. When followed by nouns such as 前，后， 中， indicates a particular time or location relative to another. |
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| Beijing is the current capital of China. Previously, it was also the capital of the Qing dynasty. |
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| Everyday, before going to bed, I like to take a hot bath. |
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| After visiting Beijing and Xi'an, many people like to go to Guilin. |
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| After I took the painkiller, my headache went away. |
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| The entire city of Guilin is embraced by blue mountains and green rivers. |
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| (to the)north of, (to the)south of. 以 is followed by location nouns, such as 北，南，to indicate a particular location in relation to another. |
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| The world-famous Great Wall is close to the north of Beijing. |
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| “South China" means places which are south of the Yangtze River. |
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| even if... still, not to mention. Implies a concession of some sort. |
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| Even Chinese people like to tour Beijing, not to mention foreigners. |
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| I don't know, but even if I did I couldn't tell you. |
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| 不要说是你的话我不听，就是我爸爸妈妈的话我也不听。 |
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| It's not just you I won't listen to, I won't even listen to my parents. |
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| degree complement. This pattern is used to indicate that an action does not arrive at the result you expected, no matter what you do. |
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| Xi'an's famous historic and cultural sites are too numerous to count. |
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| There is so much Chinese homework that I'll never get it done. |
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| The clothes are so dirty tat I can't wash them clean no matter how hard I try. |
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| may (as well), might (as well), no harm in V-ing. |
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| If you are interested, you may take a walk along the five hundred year old Ming dynasty city wall. |
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| I gather that the Chinese class is not very difficult. You may have a try. |
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| If you are not in a hurry, you may sit with me for a little longer. |
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| You can walk along the city wall and take a look at the old city of Xi'an. |
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| After getting up in the morning, I like jogging along beside the small lake. |
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| I want to go to China and walk along the Great Wall from the east to the west. |
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| make, cause, render. Is equivalent "to make" or "to cause" in English, but is chiefly used in written language. |
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| The reforms and opening of the last ten years or so have made Shanghai an even more flourishing city. |
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| Xiao Wang's girlfriend makes him restless all day. |
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| The fever made me feel I had no strength left. |
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