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| Often implies a concession of some kind and it it often used in conjunction with 还是 in the second clause. 尽管 can be used either before or after the subject, but 尽是 appears after the subject only. |
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| 尽管外面冰天雪地寒风刺骨，大家都还是出去看花灯，猜谜语。 |
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| Despite the fact that outside everything is covered with ice and the wind is chilly, people still go out to see the lanterns and try to guess the riddles. |
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| Even though he doesn't like me, I still want to go to the movies with him. |
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| Although I understood, I still listened closely to the professor. |
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| Single syllable adjectives can be followed by two syllable suffixes to make the tone of speaking lively. |
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| 只要吃上一碗刚?好的热腾腾，香喷喷的元宵就一点儿也都不觉得冷了。 |
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| You won't feel cold at all if only you eat a bowl of appetizing, newly-boiled, steaming hot dumplings. |
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| 放假了，同学们都回家了，宿舍里冷清清的只有我一个人。 |
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| It's the vacation. All my classmates have gone home, and I have been left all alone in the dormitory. |
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| Xiao Zhang smiled broadly and told me that his girlfriend had arrived. |
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| Verb complement. Used after the verb to indicate the completion of an action |
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| Come and eat. The meal is ready. |
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| Have you finished your homework? |
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| Have you decided where to study Chinese this summer? |
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| then. More often used in the written language. Indicates a relation of causality or reasoning between two clauses, but is often left untranslated in the English version of the sentences. |
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| If you buy them for your friends, (then) it means you are wishing everything goes well for your friends. |
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| If you get a SAT score higher than 1500, you can get into a good university. |
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| Water becomes steam above 100C, and becomes ice below 0C |
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| formerly... later; originally... after. Connects two sentences in a time sequence. |
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| 屈原原先在楚国做官，后来有人嫉妒她，在楚王面前说她的坏话。 |
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| Qu Yuan was originally an official in the state of Chu, bu t later on someone who was jealous of him slandered him in front of the king of Chu. |
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| 我原先想大学毕业后上研究所，后来我想先挣钱，所以就工作了。 |
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| I was originally planning to go into a research institute after graduation, bu later I thought I'd earn some money first, so I got a job. |
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| 我原先学的是日文，后来看到很多人学中文，于是我也决定学中文了。 |
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| Originally, I studied Japanese, but later on I saw a lot of people were studying Chinese, so I decided to study Chinese too. |
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directional complement. When 下来 is used after a verb it indicates the continuation of an activity from the past until the present, but 下去 indicates the continuation of an activity without any reference to time.
Also expresses direction of movement. 下来 indicates movement downward and towards the speaker. 下去 indicates movement downward and away from the speaker. |
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| 到后来，这一天慢慢地变成了一个节日，包粽子的习俗也流传下来 |
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| Gradually this day became a festival, and the custom of wrapping zongzi was handed down. |
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| He knows Chinese is very hard to learn, but he as persevered with it up till now. |
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| Qu Yuan saw that the state of Chu was declining day by day. |
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| I'd like to stay with you forever. |
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| 弟弟在楼上对我说：“我把篮球给你仍下去。” 我说：“好，你仍下来吧。” |
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| My brother upstairs said o me: "I'm throwing the basketball to you" I said: "Ok. Throw it to me." |
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