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"Self Strengething"
"Chinese learning should remain the essence, but Western learning be used for practical development"
Zhang Zidong used this stance to bring western ideas to China. He built the first coal, iron, and steel complex in China |
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| A teacher, read things from former Scholar that said Manchus were not the right leaders. Yongzheng interviewed him and put out the book Awakening for Delusion, which publicy made the argument that Manchus were rightful rulers and that Yongzheng was the rightful manchu |
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| Qianlong's favorite, director of Four Treasuries compilation project. Accused of corruption by Qianlong's son and he was forced to commit suicide |
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| The final examination for Scholars. 1 in 30,000 pass this examination, many of the top people were jinshi |
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| Qianlong's reign 1774. Collect all Chinese books worth preserving, put into history, classics, philosphy, and literature. Kept scholars without jobs occupied. Shows that Manchus were stewards of Chinese history. Used as a vehicle to round up Ming loyalist literature and over 10k works were destroyed |
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Was the one in charge of ending the opium trade.
burried over 3 million pounds of raw opium. Put much reform in Chinese life |
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| People who served both the Ming and Qing, like Wu Sangui. Although the Qing never would have been able to take over China without them, Qianlong rashed on them by saying they lacked merit. Did this after all Ming Loyalists were gone |
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First protestant missionary in China
became useful to the East Indian Trading Company as he was hired to be an interpreter. Made first Chinese-English dictionary
Put out full translation of Bible in his old time |
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| Local gentry force that helped squash the Taiping. Showed that the Qing needed to rely on other ways than their own army to squash rebellion |
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| Where all the trading went on in China. Foreigners were required to stay there. Opium and silver started to be traded their for tea |
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| a port in China open to residence by British subjects and their families "for the purpose of carrying on their mercantile pursuits, without molestation or restraint." Also permitted the establishment of consulates in the cities. Came about after the Treaty of Nanjing that ended the Opium War. Showed that China was no longer the powerful country it once was |
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| Twice Serving Minister. Resposible |
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| Treaty that ended the first Sino-Japanese War. Made Japan much more powerful than China. Korea would be independent and China would have to give a lot of money to Japan |
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| Treaty between Japan and America. Made America number one nation in China's eyes, and gave them the right to buy property and build churches and hospitals in the Treaty Ports. Also made it legal for Americans to learn Chinese |
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| Society of God Worshipers |
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| Founded by Hong Xiuquong. believed he was the younger brother of JEsus. Got many followers, and made the Taiping Kingdom of Heaven |
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| Brought Jesuits to China. Respected the Chinese and was able to speak and write in Chinese |
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