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| Architect and founding father of the people's republic of China. Led the CPC to victory over the Kuomintang In the Chinese civil war. |
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| Co-founder of the communist party of China in 1921. |
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| Co-founder of the Chinese communist party in 1921. The first chairman and first general secretary of the chinese communist party. |
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| The Haifeng Peasant Association |
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Started in 1922 By Peng Pai.
Goal: Rent deduction through collective bargaining-this is successful when he started only with 6 people. Two years later numbers were 20,000. |
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| The Shanghai Worker’s Strike in 1927 |
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Communist-led General labor Union. Purpose: to support the Northern Expedition and establish a citizen’s government, a democratic government under the republic-political demands 1, Continued resistance against
Imperialism. 2, Elimination of the warlords’ underhanded power. 3, Liquidation of all reactionary forces. |
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| 2nd chairman of the people's republic of china. from 27 April 1959 to 31 October 1968, during which he implemented policies of economic reconstruction in China. He fell out of favor during the cultural revolution because Mao labeled him as a rightist. |
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| Jiangxi Soviet Government |
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| Soviet style government-represented workers and peasants. |
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| a massive military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang. Led to the ascent to power of Mao Zedong. |
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| After the assassination of his father Zhang Zuolin by the Japanese on June 4, 1928, he became the effective ruler of Manchuria and much of North China. In the X’ian Incident of December 1936, Zhang kidnapped Chiang Kai-shek and held him captive for two weeks, until he agreed to form an alliance between the Communists and the Kuomintang against the Japanese. |
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| The Rape of Nanjing (Dec, 1937) |
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| The Japanese army massacred about 340,000 Chinese civilians and POWs.An estimated 80,000 women and girls were raped; many of them were then mutilated or murdered. |
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| Huai-Hai campaign (Nov 1948- Jan 1949) |
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| lasted 65 days and wiped out over 550,000 Kuomintang troops. |
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| The Peiping-Tianjin campaign (Nov 1948-Jan 1949) |
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| Lasted 64 days and wiped out/reorganized 520,000 Kuomintang Troops. |
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| (Oct 1, 1949) Mao proclaimed the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in the Tiananmen Square, Beijing to the world |
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| (early 1930s-1952) Was a campaign by the communists to organize the lower class against the upper class and redistribute their land. It destroyed the feudal land system. |
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| Chinese first prominent woman writer. She was criticized and persecuted by both the Kuomintang and the People's Republic of China. "land reform" is an excerpt from her novel "Sun Shines Over the Sanggan River" |
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| The Anti-rightists campaign |
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| (1957) Mao launched this extensive, thorough-going, ‘open door’ rectification campaign originally for fighting against bureaucracy sectarianism and subjectism. He changed this campaign to a large-scale stormy mass struggle against the rightists. Over 550,000 intellectuals, patriotic people and party cadres were wrongly labeled “Rightists”. |
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| The Great Leap Forward and the movement for rural People’s Communes |
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| (1958-59)At the Second Plenum of the Eighth National Congress of the CPC, Mao called on the Party and people to catch up and surpass Britain in the output of major industrial products within 15 years or less. |
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| The commune system with its relatively large size was effective in mobilizing and directing the rural labor force to terrace fields, level plots, and generally update farmland. |
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| (1)The commune system had one organizational pattern and forced economic organ to fit within administrative boundaries, which resulted in economic dislocations. (2) The unification of politics, administration and economic decision-making into one entity led to many abuses and errors (3) The system characterized by a simple system of public ownership, by centralized labor and by distribution according to the labor day work payment system, did not provide strong incentives. |
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| Result of the weak points of communes |
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| 14 million people died in the famine of 1959-61 |
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| (July 1959)Wrote a letter to Mao criticizing some of his mistakes, hoping for reform. He and his followers were then criticized and labeled as anti-party clique. |
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| “A New Young Man Arrived at the Organization Department”-In this story (published in 1956) Wang mocked at this inefficient and bureaucratic Party office and earned the praise of many who troubled with the Party’s bureaucratic working style. |
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| (1955) Wrote that he couldn't live with Mao's Literature guidlines. He insisted on autonomy of literature-writers have to write according to what they want and tell the truth. Hu was criticized by Mao and was forced to make a self-criticism. |
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| One was his wife Jiang Qing, the other three were from Shanghai: Zhang, Chunqiao was a leading member of Shanghai Party committee, Wang, Hongwen was a factory worker and Yao, Wenyuan was a writer. |
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| Agents of Mao, sent all over the country to spread his word and establish revolutionary contacts. They searched people’s home and confiscate their property at will. They burned books and persecuted intellectuals like Qin Shi Huang |
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| A Chinese Communist military leader who was instrumental in the communist victory in the Chinese Civil War. He abstained from becoming a major player in politics until he rose to prominence during the Cultural Revolution, climbing as high as second-in-charge and Mao Zedong's designated and constitutional successor. |
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| Was launched in May 1966. Mao alleged that bourgeois elements (moderate leaders) were permeating the government and society at large, aiming to restore capitalism. He insisted that these "revisionists" be removed through violent class struggle. Mao officially declared the Cultural Revolution to have ended in 1969, but its active phase lasted until the death of Lin Biao in 1971. |
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| After Mao's death in 1976, forces within the Party that opposed the Cultural Revolution, led by Deng Xiaoping, gained prominence. The Gang of Four was arrested in 1976. Most of the Maoist reforms associated with the Cultural Revolution were abandoned by 1978. |
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