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Children with Seizures
CSM Children with Seizures
30
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
03/10/2016

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Cards

Term
What is a seizure?
Definition
an uncontrolled, time alteration in behavior that results from abnormal electrical discharge from cortical neurons
Term
What is status epilepticus?
Definition
a prolonged seizure (usually 30 minutes or multiple consecutive or longer) seizures without gaining consciousness
Term
What is the first thing a doctor wants to know about after a seizure?
Definition
The time it lasted
Term
What is epilepsy
Definition
Term used to define seizures that are chronic
Term
What is the most common seizure for children and why?
Definition
Febrile because the CNS is not mature
Term
What is the etiology of seizures?
Definition
Idiopathic (most common), Perinatal asphyxia or intracerebral injuries, postnatal vascular accidents, congenital or metabolic disorders, head injuries, infection, bleeding
Term
What is the significance of the 1 min APGAR and 5 min APGAR?
Definition
Need for resucitation; how they are going to do in kindergatern
Term
Why does a baby born of a diabetic mother sometimes have a seizure after birth?
Definition
The baby is used to high blood sugars. When starts producing insulin the sugar is lower and causes hypoglycemia
Term
What metabolic disorders cause seizures in a newborn?
Definition
Hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypernatremia, hyponatremia
Term
What is the most common type of seizure?
Definition
Tonic Clonic, rigidity and jerky, can lead to loss of consciousness
Term
What are two types of partial seizures?
Definition
Simple (Focal)
Complex- multiple parts of the brain
Term
What kind of seizure may go unnoticed?
Definition
Absence Seizures
Term
What are characteristics of absence seizures?
Definition
Kid stares off into space, can have hundreds unnoticed, 50% grow out of it, lip smacking is a common sign
Term
What are characteristics of myoclonic seizures?
Definition
Surfaces at puberty, 50% after absence seizures, brief episodes of rigidity and jerky
Term
What are characteristics of infantile spasms?
Definition
3-12 mos of age, may just turn head, 100s of times per day, Touch hand or arm (stops with low blood sugar, keeps moving with seizure)
Term
What are characteristics of Akinetic or Atonic seizures?
Definition
Drop attacks where child suddenly drops down
Term
What should be asked in the history of a child who had a seizure?
Definition
Illness, fever, difficult birth
Term
What are details of the seizure you should understand?
Definition
1. Prodromal period (what happened before the seizure)
2. Onset, length
3. Aura
4. Loss of consciousness
5. Post ictal phase (sleepy for 30 min-2 hrs)
Term
What are considerations a patient is prescribed Phenytoin?
Definition
1. Supplement Vitamin D & Folic Acid
2. Do not drink milk
3. Ensure medication is well shaken
4. Assess for hyperplasia of the gums
Term
What test must be monitored when a patient is on valproic acid (Depakote)?
Definition
Liver function tests must be monitored during initial period because Depakote may damage the liver and it is irreversible
Term
What are drugs used for seizure prevention?
Definition
1. valproic acid (Depakote)
2. carbamazepine (Tegretol)
3. gabapentin (higher dose than pain relief)
Term
Name 3 emergency seizure drugs
Definition
1. Diazepam (fastest acting)
2. Phenytoin
3. Phenobarbitol
Rectal drug given at home "diastat"
Term
What is a major adverse effect for nuero drugs?
Definition
Aplastic anemia: bone marrow can no longer make RBCs
Term
What type of diet is prescribed for seizure patients?
Definition
Ketogenic diet: High fat, low carb, regular protein
Term
What are two aspects you can teach a family about in regards to seizures?
Definition
1. Management of seizures at home & school
2. Blood levels may be needed to monitor anticonvulsants
Term
What are considerations for a patient taking anti convulsants?
Definition
1. Never stop the drug abruptly
2. Young patients may keep the same dose as they get bigger effectively outgrowing the dose
Term
How many times can diazepam be repeated in an emergency?
Definition
Can be repeated once for a total of 2 administrations
Term
What are the steps for managing a status epilepticus seizure?
Definition
1. Airway management
2. Suction excess secretions
3. Administer oxygen
4. Monitor vital signs & neuro status
5. Establish intravenous access
6. If hypoglycemic, administer glucose
7. Admin medications
Term
When should you take anti convulsant blood levels?
Definition
When on IV meds & again when on PO meds
Term
When would you give D50 IV to a patient having a seizure?
Definition
When the patient is hypoglycemic. It is important to check blood sugars when someone has had a seizure to rule out hypoglycemia.
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