Term
| What age group is at the highest risk for bacterial meningitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which meningitis has a higher morbidity & mortality rate: Bacterial vs Viral |
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Definition
| Baterial; child does not appear as ill for viral |
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Term
| What are common bacterial causes of meningitis? |
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Definition
1. haemophilus influenzae type B
2. Neisseria meningitides (college dorms)
3. Streptococcus pneumonia
4. Group B streptococcus
5. Gram (-) E. coli in newborns |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of viral meningitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk factors for bacterial meningitis? |
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Definition
Immunosupress
Shunts
Cochlear implants
Infections:
-otitis media
-sinusitis |
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Term
| What are signs & symptoms of bacterial meningitis in infants? |
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Definition
1. Fever
2. Changes in feeding pattern
3. Vomiting & diarrhea (may hide ICP #4)
4. Anterior fontanelle bulging
5. Alert, RESTLESS, lethargic or irritable (high pitch crying)
6. Difficult to conole |
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Term
| What are signs & symptoms of bacterial meningitis in children? |
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Definition
1. Fever
2. Confusion, delirium, irritable, lethargic
3. Vomiting
4. Muscle or joint pain
5. Hemorrhagic rash (meningococcal meningitis)
6. Meningeal irritation
7. Opisthonic Position (Head to butt)
8. Kernig's sign
9. Brudzinski sign |
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Term
| What are signs & symptoms of viral meningitis? |
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Definition
1. irritable or lethargic - general malaise
2. Fever
3. Headache
4. Photophobia
5. Upper Respiratory symptoms
6. Positive Kernig & Brudzinski signs
7. Seizures are rare |
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Term
| What are indicators of meningeal irritation? |
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Definition
1. Headache
2. Photo phobia
3. Nuchal rigidity
4. Positive Kernig & Brudzinski signs |
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Term
| Where are labs and cultures taken from for Meningitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the treatment for bacterial meningitis? |
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Definition
| IV antibiotics, Steroids, anticonvulsants, antipyretics, IV fluids |
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Term
| What is found in a CSF culture positive for bacterial meningitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some long term negative effects of bacterial meningitis? |
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Definition
1. Delayed Development
2. Seizures
3. Hearing loss |
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Term
| What is the treatment for viral meningitis? |
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Definition
IV antibiotics (until culture comes back negative), Supportive tx, Strict I/O, anti viral meds, steroids
Pt. not on isolation |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the brain, but the meninges can be inflamed as well. |
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Term
| What are the causes of encephalitis? |
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Definition
| Herpes simplex type 1 (most common), after measles or chicken pox, enterovirus, fungal or parasite infections |
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Term
| What are the signs & symptoms of encephalitis? |
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Definition
Dependent on causation
Classical presentation:
1. Acute onset of febrile illness
2. Neurological signs (disoriented, confused)
3. Severe headache, nausea, vomiting
4. Meningeal signs
5. Seizures |
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Term
| What are indicators that a patient may have encephalitis? |
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Definition
1. Recent travel
2. Insect bites
3. Eliza |
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Term
| What is the treatment for encephalitis? |
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Definition
| Acyclovir (viral infections), supportive care |
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Term
| What is the prognosis for a child with encephalitis? |
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Definition
| Sequelae: Children may be left with severe neuro issues |
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Term
| How long does viral meningitis last? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of meningitis may have low glucose? |
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Definition
| Bacterial meningitis, the bacteria may be eating the sugar |
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Term
| What age group is most likely to get cephalitis? |
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Definition
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