viewing children as mini adults

refers to the process of establishing and maintaining an emotional bond with parents or other significant individuals; 6-12 months of age; secure, anxious-avoidant, anxious-ambivalent/resistent, disorganized (see book for more details)

neurons that are more sensitive to one type of neurotransmitter tend to cluster together and form these; pathes from one part of the brain to another

located at base of brain, handles most automatic functions

controls motor coordination

in brain stem; coordinates movement with sensory input

very top of brain stem; contains thalamus and hypothalamus; regulation of behavior and control; relay between forebrain and lower areas of brainstem

contains structures that are suspected causes of psychopathology; hippocampus, cingulated gyrus, septum, amygdala; regulate emotional experiences and impulse control; regulates drives for sex, aggression, hunger, thirst

integrate auditory, visual, and tactile signals; immature until 16

paired associations between previously neutral stimuli, an unconditioned stimuli, and unconditioned stimuli

-flexible, conversational

ability to successfully adapt in the environment

implies that developmental changes are gradual and quantitative and that future behavior patterns can be predicted from earlier patterns

different youngsters at different ages or periods of development are studied at some point in time

info obtained regarding potentially significant developmental milestones and historical events

link brain’s measureable electrical activity with ongoing thinking, emotions, or states of arousal

individual differences in the threshold and intensity of emotional experience, which provide clues to an individual’s level of distress and sensitivity to the environment

the concept that similar outcomes can result from different experiences

study of the causes of childhood disorders; considers how biological, psychological, and environmental processes interact to produce the outcomes that are observed over time

encourages changes, opportunities, and competence to achieve one’s health potential. Recognizes multicausal and interactive nature of childhood disorders and contextual factors

hypothalumus stimulated, secretes CRH which stimulates pituitary gland to secrete ACTH into bloodstream. ACTH causes adrenal glands to release cortisol which suppresses immune system and arouses body to meet challenging situation

ecompass more acting out behaviors such as aggression and delinquent behavior

the concept that various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings

emphasizes the importance of obtaining info from different informants in a variety of setting using a variety of methods

different responses of the same individual are identified and measured over time to provide a baseline against which changes may be evaluated

have to look beyond current symptoms and consider developmental pathways and interacting events that, over time, contribute to expression of disorder

mealleability; means the brains anatomical differentiation is use-dependent: nature provides the basic processes, whereas nurture provides the experiences needed to select the most adaptive network of connections, based on the use and function of each

methods used to examine the structure and/or function of the brain

reduces arousal and moderates emotional responses; anxiety disorders

close by

-consistency

various people agree on what they see

Resilience- 

not a universal, categorical, or fixed attribute. It varies according to type of stress, context, and similar factors. Some vulnerable children do not develop problems (see characteristics in book)

a sample of people is identified at the current time and asked for info relating to an earlier time (issue: bias and distortion in recall)

windows of time during which environmental influences on development, both good and bad, are enhanced

refers to the environmental factors that produce behavioral differences among siblings

relates to how children think about themselves and others, resulting in the formation of mental representations of themselves, their relationships and their social world

explanations consider not only overt behaviors, but also the role of possible cognitive mediators that may influence the behaviors directly (classical and operant conditioning) or indirectly (observational, vicarious learning)

process that specifies a set of standards or norms for a method of measurement to be used consistently across different assessments of the construct of interest

- highly structured situations involving specific tasks or instructions usually carried out in the clinic or laboratory

refers to the child’s organized style of behavior that appears early in development; shapes the child’s approach to his or her environment and vice versa

fearful or inhibited

negative affect or irritability

primary problems of concern

things that cause damage to fetus/baby during the prenatal period

whether the treatment can produce changes under well-controlled conditions

the extent to which it actually measures the extent to which it actually measures the dimension or construct it set out to measure, accuracy

extent to which it appears to assess the construct of interest

reflects how much a particular variable, rather than extraneous influences, accounts for the results

refers to the degree to which findings can be generalized, or extended to people, settings, times, measures, and characteristics other than the ones in a particular study

diagnostic systems that are primarily based on informed professional consensus, which is an approach that has dominated and continues to dominate the field of a child (and adult) psychopathology

2007 United Nations Treaty

-UN convention on the rights of person with disabilities

-article 7 pertaining to children's rights

-parties shall take all necessary measures to ensure that they get human rights and freedoms on equal basis with other children

-best interests of the child shall be primary consideration

-parties shall ensure that children with disabilites have the right to express their views freely on all matters affecting them, those views being given due weight in accordance with age and maturity, and should be given help to realize that right

Epidemiological research

Neuropsychological testing/assessment

Prevention

Psychodynamic treatment

Cognitive behavioral treatment 

Client centered treatment

Medical model

Family treatment

Ethical issues

-selecting treatment goals/procedures that are in the best interest of the client

-making sure that client participation is active and voluntary

-keeping records that document effectiveness

-confidentiality

-ensuring correct therapist qualifications

-when is a minor competent to make own decisions?