Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Childhood Disorders
Test 3 questions
80
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
04/18/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

Early theories about autism attributed the autistic child's behaviors to:

Definition

 

the parent's wish that the child not exist

Term

 

Which of the following statements about autism is true?

Definition

 

Autism is a developmental disorder.

Autism is a spectrum disorder.

Autism is a severe disorder.

Term

 

Which of the following statements about the social skills of children with autism is true?

Definition

 

Children with autism experience profound difficulties relating to others, even when they have average or above-average intelligence.

Term

 

What we don't know about the emotional life of children with autism is if they __________ emotions differently.

Definition

 

experience

Term

 

Children with autism are most likely to use:

Definition

 

instrumental gestures

Term

 

Echolalia in children with autism is believed to be:

Definition

 

an important step in their language acquisition

Term

 

The tendency to focus on one feature of an object in the environment while ignoring other equally important features is called stimulus:

Definition

 

overselectivity

Term

 

The tendency to focus on certain types of sensory input over others is called sensory:

Definition

 

dominance

Term

 

The theory of mind hypothesis of autism suggests that children with autism:

Definition

 

do not understand others' mental states

Term

 

A person lacking central coherence:

Definition

 

processes information in bits and pieces but fails to see the big picture

Term

 

The cognitive deficit most specific to children with autism is:

Definition

deficient theory of mind

Term

 

A child with mental retardation but not autism is more likely to display ___________ than a child with autism.

Definition

 

smiling and eye contact

Term

 

Which of the following statements about gender differences in autism is true?

Definition

 

Autism is more common in boys,

Term

 

The extreme male brain theory of autism suggests that:

Definition

 

autistic brains are more "systemizing"

Term

 

The two strongest predictors of adult outcomes in children with autism are:

Definition

 

IQ and language development

Term

 

___________________has been associated with autism more than any other medical condition.

Definition

 

Tuberous sclerosis

Term

 

A step-by-step approach to presenting a stimulus and requiring a specific response that is used in the treatment of autism is called:

Definition

 

discrete trial training

Term

 

The promise of early intervention with autism derives primarily from:

Definition

 

the plasticity of neural systems early in development

Term

 

In contrast to children with autism, children with Asperger's disorder:

Definition

 

display greater interest in social contact

Term

 

The most common presenting symptom for children with schizophrenia is:

Definition

 

auditory hallucinations

Term

 

____________ is/are connected to the later onset of learning disorders.

Definition

 

Communication disorders

Term

 

  None of following statements about learning disabilities is true

Definition

 

Learning problems occurring as a result of mental retardation may qualify as "learning disabilities".

Learning problems occurring as a result of brain injury may qualify as "learning disabilities".

Learning problems occurring as a result of either mental retardation or brain injury may qualify as "learning disabilities".

Term

 

A child diagnosed with a learning disorder would typically score:

Definition

 

higher on IQ tests than on tests of academic achievement

Term

 

By the age of _______, a child's perceptual map for phonetic discrimination is complete.

Definition

 

1 year

Term

 

Phonological awareness is a broad construct that includes:

Definition

 

recognition of the relationship between sounds and letters

awareness that sounds can be manipulated within syllables in words

detection of rhyme and alliteration

Term

 

Studies comparing language-impaired children with and without a positive family history for a language based learning disability suggest that children with a positive family history may inherit:

Definition

 

temporal processing deficits

Term

 

Language functions are housed primarily in the:

Definition

 

left temporal lobe

Term

 

For some children, recurrent ___________ during the first year of life may be related to the development of language impairments.

Definition

 

ear infections

Term

 

Which of the following statements about gender differences in rates of stuttering is true?

Definition

 

Boys are three times more likely to stutter than girls.

Term

 

Which is an appropriate treatment for children who stutter?

Definition

 

teach parents how to speak to their children slowly, and use short and simple sentences

remove pressure the child may feel about speaking

contingency management procedures

Term

 

Almost ________ of children who stutter before the age of 5 will no longer stutter once they have been in school for about a year.

Definition

 

80%

Term

 

 The following statements about the causes of stuttering are false

Definition

 

Empirical studies have shown stuttering to be due to unresolved emotional problems or anxiety.

The communicative behavior of mothers significantly contributes to the development of stuttering.

Stuttering is probably related to abnormal development of the right hemisphere of the brain.

Term

 

Which of the following is not a category of learning disorders?

Definition

 

motor skills

Term

 

Mary is reading out loud to her class. She reads "from", when in fact the word is "form". Mary has made a(n) ___________ error.

Definition

 

transposition

Term

 

Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with learning disorders because:

Definition

 

they are more likely to also have behavior problems

Term

 

In comparison to men with learning disorders, women:

Definition

 

have more relationship problems

Term

 

Which of the following has not been linked to increased resiliency and adaptation in children with learning disorders?

Definition

 

establishment of clear consequences for when mistakes are made

Term

 

Shaywitz and Shaywitz (2002) found that the brains of dyslexic children compared to nonimpaired children had:

Definition

 

lower activation primarily in the left hemisphere

Term

 

Nonverbal learning disabilities are deficits related to:

Definition

 

functional abnormalities in the right hemisphere

Term

 

The most likely relationship between learning disorders and behavior problems in young children is that

Definition

 

the two are distinct disorders that arise separately but increase the potency of either or both problems over time

Term
blank to be deleted
Definition
Term
blank to be deleted
Definition
Term

The earlier and mistaken belief that children could not suffer from depression was rooted in:

Definition

 

psychoanalytic theory

Term

 

The increase in depression in young people has been attributed, at least in part, to:

Definition

 

rapid social change leading to increased stress levels for young people

Term

 

A _____________ refers to a group of symptoms that occur together more often than by chance.

Definition

 

cluster

Term

 

Which of the following does not occur more frequently in younger than older individuals?

Definition

 

anhedonia

Term

 

Which of the following is least likely to co-occur with major depressive disorder in young people?

Definition

 

autism

Term

 

Prospective studies of children and adolescents have found that the age of onset for the first depressive episode is usually ___________ years.

Definition

 

13-15

Term

 

Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in the prevalence of depression among males and females?

Definition

 

Depression is equally common among preadolescent boys and girls, but after about age 13 the rate is higher for females.

Term

 

Which of the following statements about suicide is false?

Definition

 

Overdose and wrist cutting are the most common means for adolescents who successfully complete suicide.

Term

 

The fact that depression occurs in many youngsters who do not experience loss or rejection, and does not occur in many children who do, is support against which theory of depression?

Definition

 

psychodynamic

Term

 

Which theory of depression claims that depression is related to a lack of response-contingent positive reinforcement?

Definition

 

behavioral

Term

 

Depression prone individuals tend to make __________________ attributions for the causes of negative events.

Definition

 

internal, stable, and global

Term

 

________________ view youngsters with depression as having difficulty organizing their behavior in relation to long-term goals.

Definition

 

Self-control theories

Term

 

The diathesis-stress model of depression explains the onset of the disorder as:

Definition

 

dependent upon the interaction between personal vulnerability and life stress

Term

 

Which is not a characteristic of families of children with depression?

Definition

 

underinvolvement

Term

 

The approach that has shown the most success in the treatment of major depressive disorder is:

Definition

 

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Term

 

The most efficacious preventative intervention for children at risk for depression is:

Definition

 

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Term

 

The only SSRI that is currently FDA approved for the treatment of depression in children is:

Definition

 

fluoxetine (Prozac)

Term

 

Children (and adults) who experience a clinical course of one or more major depressive episodes accompanied by at least one hypomanic episode are diagnosed with:

Definition

 

bipolar II disorder

Term

 

During the eugenics movement, persons with mental retardation were considered:

Definition

 

a threat to society

Term

 

Subaverage intellectual functioning is defined as an IQ approximately:

Definition

 

two standard deviations below the mean

Term

 

IQ scores among individuals without mental retardation are:

Definition

 

relatively stable with the exception of infancy

Term

 

In comparison to the IQ scores of normally developing children, those of infants and children with developmental delays or mental retardation are:

Definition

 

more stable

Term

 

The ___________ refers to the phenomenon that IQ scores have risen sharply since the beginning of IQ testing.

Definition

 

The Flynn Effect

Term

 

The most likely explanation for the discrepancy in IQ scores between blacks and whites in North America is

Definition

 

economic and social inequalities

Term

 

In the DSM-IV-TR, the level of retardation, reflecting a child's degree of difficulty, is based upon:

Definition

 

the extent of cognitive impairment

Term

 

The ________ category of mental retardation has an overrepresentation of minority groups.

Definition

 

mild

Term

 

The AAMR categorizes persons with mental retardation according to:

Definition

 

the extent of support needed

Term

 

Prevalence estimates for mental retardation in children and adults are about _________ of the entire population.

Definition

 

1% to 3%

Term

 

The suggestion that children with mental retardation demonstrate the same behaviors and underlying processes as typically developing children who are at the same level of cognitive functioning is referred to as the:

Definition

 

similar structure hypothesis

Term

 

The observation that children with Down's syndrome may alternate between periods of gain and functioning and periods of little or no advance is the:

Definition

 

slowing and stability hypothesis

Term

 

Children with Down syndrome display considerable delay in:

Definition

 

expressive language development

Term

 

Children with mild to moderate mental retardation learn symbolic play:

Definition

 

in much the same manner as other children

Term

 

Which of the following psychiatric diagnoses is least common among children with mental retardation

Definition

 

schizophrenia

Term

 

The single most common cause of severe mental retardation is:

Definition

 

chromosomal abnormalities

Term

 

Down syndrome occurs more often with older mothers than younger mothers because:

Definition

 

chromosomal nondisjunction increases with maternal age

Term

 

Both Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes are:

Definition

 

believed to be spontaneous genetic birth defects that occur around the time of conception

Term

 

On average, the IQ of children with fetal alcohol syndrome is in the _________ range of mental retardation

Definition

 

mild

Term

 

Education of children with mental retardation has been plagued by the fact that:

Definition

 

the children lack the metacognitive capabilities needed to apply skills to new situations

Supporting users have an ad free experience!