Term
| What happens when children watch too much T.V.? |
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Definition
become passive learners
problems focusing
health problems
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Term
| How can parents help with T.V. watching? |
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Definition
monitor their amount and quality of T.V.
watch T.V. together
watching their own T.V. habbits |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the psychoanalytic theory? |
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Definition
| analyzes the symbolic meaning of behavior |
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Term
| Who introduced the psychoanalytic theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Frued say about the psychoanalytic theory? |
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Definition
| infants have instinctual drive; parent-child relationship model for adult intimacy |
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Term
| What is the psychosocial theory? |
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Definition
| the primary motivation for human behavior is social and reflects a desire to affiliate with other people |
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Term
| Who introduced the psychosocial theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Erikson place emphasis on with the psycosocial theory? |
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Definition
| relationships to family and cultures |
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Term
| What did Piaget introduce? |
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Definition
| cognitive development theory |
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Term
| What are Piaget's stages? |
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Definition
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational |
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Term
| What is the sensorimotor stage and what age does it start at? |
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Definition
| (birth-2) sensory experiences with physical actions |
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Term
| What is the preoperational stage and what age does it start at? |
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Definition
| (2-7) represents world with words and images |
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Term
| What is the concrete operational stage and what age does it start at? |
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Definition
| (7-11) reason logically about concrete events |
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Term
| What is the formal operational stage and what age does it start at? |
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Definition
| (11 & older) reasons in more abstract, logically ways |
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Term
| What did Vygotsky introduce? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the sociocultural theory? |
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Definition
| importance of culture in learning |
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Term
| What is guided participation? |
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Definition
| tutor engages learner in joint activities, providing instruction and direct involvement |
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Term
| What is the zone of proximal development? |
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Definition
| range of skills learner can perform with assistance but not independently |
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Term
| Who introduced behaviorism? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| development is observable behavior that can be learned through experiences with the enviornment |
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Term
| What happens in the first trimester? |
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Definition
germinal period
embryonic period
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Term
| What is the germinal period? |
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Definition
| first two weeks after conception; zygote, cell division, attachment of zygot to uterine wall; blastocyst |
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Term
| What is the embryonic period? |
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Definition
| two-eight weeks after conception; endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm |
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Term
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Definition
| inner layer of cells (digestive & respiratory) |
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Term
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Definition
| middle layer (circulatory, muscles, skeletal, reproductive) |
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Term
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Definition
| outermost layer (nervous system, ears, nose, eyes form) |
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Term
| What happens at four weeks? |
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Definition
| head starts to shape, cardiovascular system pulsates |
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Term
| What happens at eight weeks? |
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Definition
| embryo weighs 1 gram, facial features start to form, basic organs formed |
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Term
| What happens in the third month? |
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Definition
| sex organs take shape, fetus can move every body part |
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Term
| What happens in the second trimester? |
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Definition
| heartbeat strengthens; brain grows 6x in size; viable at 22-26 weeks; digestive & excretory system develop |
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Term
| What happens in the third trimester? |
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Definition
| full term; respiratory and cardiovascular systems; weight increases |
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Term
| When are a babies first steps? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are gross motor skills? |
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Definition
| large muscle activities (moving arms, walking) |
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Term
| What are fine motor skills? |
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Definition
| (grasping toys) finely tuned movements |
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Term
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Definition
| when children use existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| when children adjust their schemes to take new information and experiences into account |
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Term
| What is an example of assimilation & accomodation? |
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Definition
| when a child learns the word car for a motorcycle or truck; child then accomodates their scheme by learning the word motorcycle |
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Term
| What did Piaget say about cognitive development theory? |
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Definition
| there is an active interation between brain and senses |
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Term
| Name a language milestone? |
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Definition
| holophrase, telegraphic speech |
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Term
| Name erros in language development? |
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Definition
| underextension, overextension, overregulations |
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Term
| What are the 3 theories of language learning? |
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Definition
| infants teach themselves, behaviorists, social impulses foster language |
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Term
| How do infants learn language? |
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Definition
| associating objects with words herd often, reinforcement for correct words, correction of incorrect words |
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Term
| What is the interactionist view? |
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Definition
| environment and biology; culture plays a role in learning language |
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Term
| What is correlational research? |
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Definition
| a research design whose goal is to describe the strength of the relationship between two or more events |
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Term
| Who introduced operant conditioning? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is operant conditioning? |
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Definition
| rewards & punishments shape development |
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Term
| Who introduced the social learning theory? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| behavior, environment & cognition are key in development |
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Term
| Who introduced classical conditioning? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fear of dentist may be learned from previous painful experience |
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Term
| Who introduced the ecological systems approach? |
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Definition
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Term
| ecological-systems approach |
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Definition
| suggests that a person should be considered in all the contexts and interactions of his/her life |
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Term
| levels of ecological-systems approach |
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Definition
| microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem |
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Term
| When do infants feel pride, shame, embarassment? |
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Definition
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Term
| looking to others for cues on how to feel, especially in a new situation |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we measure attachment? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| infants responses to introduction, reunion and separation from caregiver |
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Term
| What are the categories for attachment? |
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Definition
| secure attachment, insecure-attachment, insecure-aviodant, insecure disorganized |
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Term
| child explores toys, upset when mom leaves, happy to see her return |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| clings to caregiver, doesn't explore room, cries loud when mom leaves, refuses affection when she returns |
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Term
| avoids caregiver at all times |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| infants are in a daze and fearful |
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Term
| What is the survival rate born at 26 weeks? |
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Definition
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Term
| survival rate born at 28 weeks? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the causes of LBW? |
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Definition
| lifestyle choices, maternal malnutrition, perscription drugs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| problems with placenta, maternal illness, high blood pressure, drug use |
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Term
| What are nerve cells that are covered with a layer of fat cells which increases the speed of how info travels through the nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| rapid proliferation of new neural connections in infancy |
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Term
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Definition
surrounding neurons may die or return to an uncommited state
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Term
| frontal lobes, occipital lobes, temporal lobes, parietal lobes |
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Definition
| four areas of cerebral cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| memory, emotion, thinking, personality |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hearing, memory, language processing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex or the other |
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Term
| What do reflexes account for? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sucking, breathing, body temperature (legs tuck up, body shivers) |
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Term
| How do infants maintain oxygen supply? |
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Definition
| hiccups, sneezes, breathing |
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Term
| Name examples of infant reflexes. |
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Definition
| Babinski, moro, rooting, sucking |
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Term
| latent, active, afterbirth |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what happens in the latent stage? |
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Definition
| contractions, cervix dilates |
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Term
| What happens when a child lacks oxygen at birth? |
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Definition
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Term
| In middle childhood, how much do kids grow? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is an advance in brain function? |
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Definition
| the ability to attend to information from many parts of the brain at once |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| do not use food as a bribe or reward, increase physical activity, proper eating habbits |
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Term
| Benefits of breastfeeding? |
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Definition
| less likely to develop diabetes, reduces wheezing, correct fat/nutrition balance, disease protection |
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Term
|
Definition
| how long do infants sleep? |
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Term
| What age does SIDS occur? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| low birth weight, lower SES |
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Term
|
Definition
| inability to relate to other people normally, including extreme self-aborption, inability to learn normal speech |
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Term
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Definition
| language problems, social aloofness, repetitive, asocial play |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormalities in brain structure and neurotransmitters; genetic influences |
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Term
|
Definition
| encourage social connections (rewards for eye contact/interaction) |
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Term
| microsystem (ecological theory) |
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Definition
| setting in which people live (schoo, neighborhood) |
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Term
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Definition
| relation of family experiences to school experiences; school experiences to church experiences |
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Term
|
Definition
| culture in which people live |
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Term
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Definition
| mother receives promotion that requires travel, this increases conflict with husband and change patters of interaction with child |
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Term
| Characteristics of asperger's disorder |
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Definition
| intelligence average, language skills intact, deficits in social interaction, becomes obsessive |
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Term
|
Definition
| difficulty concentrating, inattentive, impulsive, overactive |
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Term
|
Definition
| belief of uniqueness and invincibility |
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Term
|
Definition
| adolescents believe that others are as interested in them as they are themselves |
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