Term
| How does the dynamic systems approach help us understand development across domains? |
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Definition
| proposes that there are many factors acting and interacting to influence development at anyone time. These factors can include both internal and external factors (physical, cognitive, emotional, social, motivational, family, siblings, peers, as well as neural and chemical states) |
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Term
| How does the debate about nature and nurture relate to development of emotions? |
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Definition
| Are emotions innate reactions, or learned responses? The answer as always is both. We can all identify the emotions of a baby before they have any social interference. |
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Term
| the three components of emotions |
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Definition
-Physiological
-Expressive
-Experiential |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes in central and autonomic nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| Outward display that signals the emotion (always?) |
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Term
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Definition
| Subjective feeling or cognitive judgment of emotion. |
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Term
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Definition
| anger, disgust, fear, happy, sad, and surprise. |
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Term
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Definition
| emotions that relate to our sense of self and our consciousness of others feelings. |
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Term
| reasons that research on emotional development is important |
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Definition
| Emotions are important for the fundamental tasks of survival, adaptation, and development. |
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Term
| the three categories of temperament proposed by Chess and Thomas |
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Definition
-Easy Child
-Difficult Child
-Slow to warm-up child |
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Term
| the two categories of temperament proposed by Kagan and Colleagues |
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Definition
-Inhibited children
-Uninhibited children |
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Term
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Definition
| Wairness to new people, objects, and places |
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Term
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Definition
| Interest, curiosity, sociability. |
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Term
| Rothbart's model of temperment |
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Definition
| infants differ in reactivity (arousal level following stimulation) and in their ability to self-regulate these reactions. |
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Term
| the two main processes proposed in Rothbart’s model of temperament |
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Definition
-Reactivity
-Self-regulation |
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Term
| the primary biological bases of temperament |
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Definition
| based on differences in limbic system responsiveness, or differences in CNS activity and ANS activity. |
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Term
| two parts of the limbic system underlie the processes in Rothbart’s model of T |
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Definition
-Amygdala
-Frontal Reigons |
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Term
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Definition
| Plays key role in the response to negative events, reactivity |
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Term
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Definition
| Develop and exert control over amygdala and hippocampus to reduce reactivity to external and internal events. |
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Term
| eight dimensions of temperament |
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Definition
-Activity levels
-Sensitivity
-Initial reaction
-Intensity
-Adaptability
-Distractibility
-Mood |
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Term
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Definition
-Sensitivity
-Initial reaction
-Intensity
-Adaptability |
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Term
| What is the strange situation designed to measure? |
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Definition
| designed to measure the response and reactivity of the infant along different variables |
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Term
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Definition
| an interactive situation where the mother leaves and a stranger comes in and the mother comes back. |
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Term
| three characteristics of a securely attached child |
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Definition
-Child reacts positively to a stranger as long as mother is present.
-Gets upset when mother leaves and is unlikely to be consoled by a stranger.
-Calms down as soon as mother reappears |
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Term
| are four causes of variations in attachment |
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Definition
-Parental Behaviors
-Characteristics of the child
-Family influences
-Cultural Influences |
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Term
| evidence for a sensitive period for emotional development |
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Definition
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Term
| domains of development are being explored in the Romanian orphanage study |
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Definition
-Physical
-Cognitive
-Social
-Emotional
-EEG/ERPs |
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Term
| the two main models of depression |
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Definition
-Biopsychosocial model
-Diathesis-stress model |
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Term
| Biopsychosocial Model of Depression |
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Definition
| Biological, psychological, and social factors can act and interact to cause depression. |
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Term
| Diathesis-stress model of Depression |
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Definition
| Preexisting vulnerability (multiples?) are triggered by stressful events. |
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Term
| three potential factors thought to account for these sex differences |
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Definition
-Gender Image Intensification
-Dramatic increase when females hit Tanner 2 stage
-Adolesence can be stressful |
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Term
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Definition
| Happens when something significant happens to excite your brain and body. This is your body’s reaction to a significant threat, challenge, or scare. |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes a nonstop release of stress hormones into your bloodstream and body. It is this continuous release of chemicals that puts your body in perpetual overdrive, ready at every moment to fight off an animal/attacker |
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Term
| What are the 3 main areas related to depression (brain) |
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Definition
-Amygdala (activating cortisol)
-Hippocampus (inhibiting cortisol) |
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Term
| How does the diathesis-stress model account for the onset and downward spiral of depression? |
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Definition
| That chronic stress can lead to damage/necrosis in the hippocampus, which makes it difficult to inhibit cortisol. Vulnerabilities mean that stress can push some people over a lowered threshold and into a downward spiral that is very difficult to pull out of. |
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Term
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Definition
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
They cause release and block reuptake to produce elevated levels of 5-HT. |
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Term
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Definition
| The long-term process of consolidating and embedding one’s own beliefs, attitudes, and values, when it comes to moral behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| To put something outside of its original borders, espescially to put a human function outside of the human body. For example, by making excuses, we can externalize the guilt associated with our actions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occur naturally and do not need to be learned, like water, food, sleep, and air. |
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Term
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Definition
| A situation in which a stimulus reinforces a behavior after it has been associated with a primary reinforce. So we like money because it can provide us with food. |
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