Term
| This is an environment agent causing damage during the prenatal period: |
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Definition
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Term
| this disorder of severe malnutrition strikes after weaning as a result of a diet very low in protein |
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Definition
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Term
| this theorist argued that parents are responsible for managing their child's sexual and developmental growth |
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Definition
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Term
| on average how much weight is gained from birth to two years of age? |
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Definition
| four times the birth weight |
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Term
| this research design tests participants of different ages studied at the same time |
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Definition
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Term
| what can you do to encourage healthy eating habits in your young child? |
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Definition
model good dietary practices
provide child with unpressured exposure to food |
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Term
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetically transmitted disorder that causes severe central nervous system damage that cannot metabolize ___ and is treated through diet. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what pattern of transmission does PKU follow? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what kind of role does environment play on highly canalized behavior? |
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Definition
| a small one; highly canalized = not effected by environment |
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Term
| what is the best treatment for overweight obesity |
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Definition
|
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Term
| these are visible body changes that signal sexual maturity |
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Definition
| secondary sexual characteristics |
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Term
| Bandura found that children who were modeled aggression displayed a __ in aggressive behavior compared with controls |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| who served as the model in the Bandura experiment? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what does a correlation of -1.00 mean? |
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Definition
variables are completely related to one another (1.00)
their relationship is negative |
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Term
| theorists emphasizing the role of __ stress the importance of change that is based on experience. |
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Definition
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Term
| how much prenatal Accutane exposure is required for it to act as a teratogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| during the period of the embryo these three layers form |
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Definition
Ectoderm (nervous system, skin)
Mesoderm (muscles, skeleton, circulatory system)
Endoderm (digestive system, lungs, urinary tract, glands) |
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Term
| what leads adolescents to have greater trouble getting to bed early in the evening? |
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Definition
| Phase delay: greater sensitivity to evening light |
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Term
| what eating disorder is characterized by a binging and purging cycle? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Growth Hormones is affected by emotional deprivation in what disorder |
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Definition
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Term
| according to this theory development occurs within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the environment. |
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Definition
| ecological systems theory |
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Term
| this field of psychology emerged in challenge to psychoanalytical theories |
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Definition
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Term
| little Albert was ___ to fear white rats |
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Definition
| (classically) conditioned |
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Term
| Diethylstilbestrol was prescribed to prevent miscarriages. what effects did it have as a teratogen |
|
Definition
| cause reproductive problems in exposed fetuses |
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|
Term
| what pubertal timing typically result in the best developmental outcome for girls and boys |
|
Definition
girls: later
boys: earlier |
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|
Term
| how can it be a positive thing to a carrier of the sickle cell anemia gene in Africa |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how does motor development occur according to the dynamic system of action theory? |
|
Definition
| integrate present skills into new more complex skills |
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|
Term
| how do sensitive periods play a role in the impact of teratogen exposure? |
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Definition
| based on when the teratogen exposure occurs in prenatal development different aspects of development may be more sensitive to its effects |
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Term
| what are 2 uses of theories? |
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Definition
direct attention
give meaning
provide understanding
guide action |
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Term
|
Definition
white, downy hair
helps the vernix to stick to the skin |
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Term
|
Definition
| protects the skin from chapping |
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|
Term
| according to Piaget's cognitive development theory how do children learn? |
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Definition
construct knowledge through interactions with their environment
do not need reinforcement |
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Term
| how have attitudes toward adolescent sexuality changed over the past 40 years? why? |
|
Definition
past 40:more liberal, more accepting of sex within committed relationships
past 10: more conservative cause of STDs |
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|
Term
| what growth trend refers to growth of the head before arms and trunk? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does it mean to inherit homozygous alleles? heterozygous alleles? |
|
Definition
homozygous: identical from each parent
heterozygous: differ between parents |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| name three psychological measures safe to use with children of all ages |
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Definition
| heart rate, EEG, ERP, MRI, NIRS |
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Term
| in this stage of the psychosexual theory children battle with Oedipus and Electra complexes. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what develops as a result of conflicts in the phallic stage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this maternal disease, Rubella, can act as a teratogen and is most harmful when prenatal exposure occurs during what stage of development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| according to Freud's psychosexual theory this aspect of personality is the first level of personality development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what chance do offspring have of contracting a dominant genetic disorder, present in one parent? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a common control for observer bias |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| this research design provides insights into how change occurs based on intense study of participants moment by moment behaviors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormone is released by the thyroid gland and aids growth hormones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the dominant cerebral hemisphere for nearly all right handers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the discovery of what phenomenon led Konrad Lorenz to propose the existence of critical period in development? why? |
|
Definition
imprinting
unless imprinting occurred within a brief time frame after birth, it never occurred |
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|
Term
| why is preventing the transmission of aids from mother to baby so difficult in developing countries? |
|
Definition
access to drugs
access to medical care
lack of diagnosis in mother |
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|
Term
| what is a benefit to naturalistic observation that is not seen in structured observation? |
|
Definition
| observe everyday behavior |
|
|
Term
| what is the embryonic disk? |
|
Definition
| the inner cells of the blastocyst of the forming organism |
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|
Term
| what else makes up the blastocyst |
|
Definition
| the trophoblast (outer cells, protective covering) |
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|
Term
| how theories of continuous development are different from the theories of discontinuous development? |
|
Definition
continuous: process of gradually adding onto already present skills
discontinuous: process where new skills emerge at specific time |
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|
Term
| what secular trend has been seen regarding physical growth over the past 150 years? |
|
Definition
| grow taller and heavier in industrialized countries |
|
|
Term
| why are males affected by x-linked disorders than females? |
|
Definition
| females are protected by their 2nd x chromosome |
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|
Term
| theorists emphasizing the role of ___ stress stability theory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this nutritional supplement significantly reduces the risk of spinal column risk for spina bifida and anencephaly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is behavior modification |
|
Definition
| it combines conditioning and modeling to eliminate undesirable behaviors and increase desirable responses |
|
|
Term
| under what theory perspective does Bandura emphasize behavior modification? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this a protective membrane that protects the mother and the baby's blood from mixing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of behavioral genetics? |
|
Definition
| to use genetics to examine the role of nature and nurture in development |
|
|
Term
| who are behavioral geneticists most interested in studying |
|
Definition
| twins (MZ, DZ, raised together, raised apart |
|
|
Term
| what fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is characterized by impairment in brain functioning but not facial abnormalities? |
|
Definition
| alcohol-related neurodevelopment disorder (ARND) |
|
|
Term
| what is a disadvantage seen when using any self-report method? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the first conflict of the psychosocial theory trust versus mistrust what impacts conflict resolution? |
|
Definition
parental care
trust = warm responsive care
mistrust = abuse, neglect |
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|
Term
| this system within the ecological systems theory include the individual and their immediate surrounding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what system is used to describe changes that occur over time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the superego is also known as what part of our personality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| risk of this genetic disorder increase is the maternal age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most common cause of down syndrome? |
|
Definition
| failure of the 21st pair of chromosome to separate during meiosis |
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|
Term
| this measures relationship between physiological processes and behavior |
|
Definition
| Psychophysiological measures |
|
|
Term
| what serves as inputs and output according to information processing theories |
|
Definition
input = sensory information
output = behavioral response |
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|
Term
| this environment pollutant can act as a teratogen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most common inherited cause of mental retardation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what brain structure is regulated by the hypothalamus and is important to the secretion of growth hormones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the age of viability? when is it seen? |
|
Definition
age at which baby can first survive birth
22-26 weeks gestational age |
|
|
Term
| how field experiments are different from natural experiments? |
|
Definition
field: use random assignment in natural settings
natural: compare differences that already exist |
|
|
Term
| name the term that is described as the effect of an observer on the participants behavior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does incomplete dominance mean? |
|
Definition
| both alleles are expressed, resulting in an intermediate trait |
|
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Term
| DeCasper and Spence found that after prenatal exposure to a story, newborn infants would suck differently to it versus another story. what does this mean? |
|
Definition
prenatal experience affected postnatal preferences
they learned to recognize the preferred the family story |
|
|
Term
| what pattern of transmission does the genetic disorder hemophilia follow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe risks associated with hemophilia |
|
Definition
| blood fails to clot normally which can result in severe internal bleeding |
|
|
Term
| what is a legal drug that can lead to withdrawal in newborns (with heavy use)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does catch-up growth provide support for the role of heredity in physical growth? |
|
Definition
| after short term negative influence growth catches up to where it would have been without those influences |
|
|
Term
| which sex is first to hit growth spurt in adolescence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what leads to improved nutrition in adolescence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 2 common benefits of participation in organized youth sports |
|
Definition
increased self-esteem
increased social competence |
|
|
Term
| what is an active gene environment correlation |
|
Definition
| when individuals seek environments that suit genetic make-up |
|
|
Term
| deficiency of this nutritional supplement is a common cause of mental retardation in developing countries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this research method utilizes multiple measures to create a complete picture of an individual's functioning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is experience dependent brain growth? |
|
Definition
| unique brain growth based on learning experiences specific to the individual |
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