Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Child Psy Final
Culture & Diversity
28
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
05/11/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

What is an example of Comparing cultures?

 

Definition

Individualism vs. Collectivism

  • Individualism:
        - personal goals = most important
        - individual sense of self
        - independence
     ex. care more about self
                -america
                - western europe 
  • Collectivism:
        - group goals = most important
        - group centered sense of self
        - interdependence
    ex. care more about family 
             - china
             - south america 
Term
Culture
Definition
Behavior, patterns, beliefs and all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation.

*not just race & ethnicity 
Term
What does culture encompass?
(include) 
Definition
  • language
  • food
  • religion
  • roles for gender
Term
What is important for child development?
Definition
  • Individualistic:
      - personal choice
      - intrinsic motivation (refers to the motivation that comes from within an individual rather than external things like money or grades) 
      - self-esteem 
      - self- maximization (someone's distinct individuality or identity)
  • Collectivistic:
      - connectedness to family
      - orientation to larger groups
      - respect & obedience 

 

Term
How might Individualistic & Collectivistic parenting differ?
Definition

Individualistic: more observent

 

Collectivistic: very authoritarian; connectedness

Term
What are some subcultures?
Definition

Ethnic groups

Religious groups

Socioeconomic status (SES)

Term
What is SES?
Definition

Socioeconomic Status

  •  Group with similar:
         -education level
         - occupation
         - economic characteristics 
Term

What does SES impact?

 

Definition
  • family life (instability, conflict, stress)
  • neighborhoods where children live (dangerous)
  • schools
  • access to resources (ex. healthcare, mental health)
Term
What does "Ethnicity" mean?
Definition

Characteristics rooted in cultural heritage

  • nationality (ancestors)
  • race
  • religion
  • language
Term
What are some other factors of Ethnicity?
Definition
  • Ethnic Identity: how strong someone identifies with their ethnic group
  • Minority Status: The struggle to gain equality, recognition, and acceptance within a majority culture. 
Term
Facts about Poverty
Definition
  • 17% of families in US are in poverty
  • Ethnic minority families overrepresented
       - 33% African American
       - 27% Latino
       - 10% White 
Term
What do poor children experience living in poverty?
Definition
  • more family conflict
  • less social support
  • less access to education; parents less involved
  • more crowded, lower quality house
  • dangerous neighborhood
Term
What happens when you control SES?
Definition
  • group differences often disappear
  • different trends (show positive outcomes)

    *negative factors may influence outcomes
          ex. prejudice, discrimination, & white privilege 
Term
Prejudice
Definition
unjustified negative attitude toward an individual because of the individual's membership in a group
Term
Discrimination
Definition

the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of individuals

 

* can cause:
- stress

-depression

-poorer physical health 

Term
White Privilege
Definition
the benefits of access to resources and social rewards and the power to shape the norms and values of society that white people receive by virtue of their skin color in a racist society. 

*they may receive it consciously or unconsciously 
Term
What are some examples of White privilege?
Definition

1. television & paper have my race on it

2. can be in a company with only my race

3. never asked to speak for the people of my racial group

4. find blemish /makeup for my skin

5. hardly have to think about white privilege 

Term
Facts about Immigration
Definition
  • one reason for increased diversity
  • immigration introduces many additional factors when examining development
        - language
        - seperation from social support
        - changes in employment, SES, geography
        - changes in ethnic identity and adapting to majority culture 
Term
Acculturation
Definition

the cultural and psychological change that results following a meeting between cultures

 

ex. the indians and the pilgrims 

Term
What were Berry's two processes of Acculturation ?
Definition
  • Maintenance of original culture
     - the extent to which individuals value and wish to maintain their cultural identity.
  • Contact- Participation-
      - the extent to which individuals value and seek out contact with those outside their own group, and wish to participate in the daily life of the larger society.
Term
What are the four Characteristics of acculturation?
Definition
  1. Integrated individuals
     - want to maintain their identity with home culture, but also want to take on some characteristics of the new culture
  2. Assimilated Individuals
     - do not want to keep their identity from their home culture, but would rather take on all of the characteristics of the new culture.
  3. Separated individuals
     - they want to separate themselves from the dominant culture
     - can be called segregation if it is forced separation 
  4. Marginalized individuals
     - dont want anything to do with either the new culture or the old culture 
Term
When assessing acculturation what factors do you consider?
Definition
  • language
  • religious beliefs
  • educational status
  • beliefs
  • customs
  • social status
  • media usage
  • social relations
  • gender roles
Term
facts about acculturation and health
Definition
  • may increase stress or conflict between two competing cultures
  • reduction in social support (ex. family)
  • specifically, in children:
       - conflict in family from cultural shift
       - children feel conflicted in their identities
       - parents may not acculturate as quickly as children
             -shift in power dynamics (ex. language)
             - clash in values 
  • greater acculturation has been associated with:
        - reduction in stress related to variables such as language (ex. reducing language barriers)
        - more awareness of treatment options
        -however, some negative outcomes associated with greater acculturation
                    - poorer health
                    - increased stress, depression, & substance abuse
               
Term
Berry's Model of Acculturation
Definition

                                   Cultural maintenance 


                                   (yes)            (no)


contact participation(yes) / assimilation / integration


 

(no)                            /marginalization /     separation

 

 

 

 

Supporting users have an ad free experience!