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Child Psy Final
anxiety disorders in childhood
16
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
05/11/2012

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Term
Possible Anxiety disorders in childhood
Definition
  • seperation anxiety
  • specific phobias
  • social anxiety
  • obsessive-compulsive disorder
  • post-traumatic stress disorder
  • generalized anxiety disorder

_____ = most common

Term
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Definition
  • Developmentally normal

-cry when being separated during infancy and childhood

-grow out of it eventually 

  • Some children show excessive amounts of distress and impairment for a long time = qualification for disorder diagnosis
examples: 
  • excessive distress when separated
  • persistent and excessive worry about harm to caregivers
  • refusal to go to school b/c of separation
  • excessive fear of being alone
  • reluctance to sleep w/o caregiver
  • nightmares with separation
  • complaints of physical symptoms during separation 
Term
How does Separation Anxiety Disorder develop?
Definition
  • Biological factors
    - family history
    -heritability seems to be higher in girls (twin studies)
  • Behavioral Inhibition
    -children born with a fearful temperament
    -ex. shy children 
  • Parenting Behaviors
    -parents not encouraging independence  
    -being overprotective
    -parents with anxiety
  • Traumatic events
    -natural disasters
    - family members in accident
    - getting lost 
Term

How do you treat Separation Anxiety?

 

Definition

By Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

  • Relaxation techniques
    -controlled breathing and muscle relaxation
  • Challenge negative thoughts
    -"My mommy will be ok"
  • Being reinforced for being "Brave"
    -sticker charts and rewards
  • Parents model nonanxious behavior
    -ignore crying and worrying
    -refrain from acting distressed at seperation 
Term
What can cause Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder?
(PTSD) 
Definition
  1. Traumatic Event
    -natural disaster
    -accident/injuries
         -themselves or witnessing others
    -abuse
         - sexual, physical, or family violence
  2. Fear Responce
    -fight or flight (extreme responce)
    -adaptive until not needed anymore 
Term
What are the three catagories of symptoms for PTSD diagnostic criteria?
Definition
  1. Re-experiencing Traumatic Events
    - distressing memories and dreams
    -feeling as if it were reoccuring
    -reenacting scenes with toys
    -distress when exposed with situations that remind them of the event 
  2. Hyper-vigilance & Chronic Arousal
    -difficulty sleeping
    -outbursts of anger
    -no concentration
    -hyper vigilance (exaggerated behavior & paranoia)
    -exaggerated startle response 
    * some kids get wrongly diagnosed with ADHD or depression 
  3. Emotional Numbing & Dissociation
     -avoiding thoughts, feelings, or conversation
    -aviodance of activities, places, or people associated
    -trouble remembering the event
    -feelings of detatchment from others
    -possible regressive behavior (wetting the bed-etc.) 
Term
Examples of Vulnerability to PTSD
Definition
  1. Biological factors
    -genetics
    -Physiological hyper reactivity  
  2. -greater response in brain with stress responce
  3.     ex.-release of cortisol(suppresses immune syst.)
            - release of adrenaline
  4. Psychological factors
    - preexisting distress
        - those already experiencing distress are more
          vulnerable
    -coping styles
        - use maladaptive coping (avoidance,
          rumination, dissociation) 
  5. Social Factors:  
    - severity, duration, & proximity of trama
        -more severe, longer trauma, and trauma that directly affects someone is more likely to lead to PTSD
           (ex. being raped for years vs. one time molestation) 
    -social support
        -close supportive family and friends protect against developing PTSD
        - those without support and who are isolated may be more vulnerable
             (ex. kids w/o many friends, rejected by peers)    
Term
How do you treat children with Trauma-focused CBT
(TF- CBT) 
Definition
  • Graudual Exposure
    - telling the story of what happened
  • affective & cognitive processing
    - identify inaccurate or unhelpful thoughts
    - experience feelings the child has been avoiding
  • Behavior management skills training
    - may be acting out abuse that happened
    -parents feel guilty and provide less discipline 
Term
TF-CBT treatment objectives
Definition
  • get rid of negative feelings and trauma cues
  • increase tolerance of trauma thoughts and memories
  • decreasing reliance on maladaptive coping (reduce symptoms while maintaining and strengthening the disorder.)
  • model effective coping by parent or therapist
  • reinforce positive coping
Term
specific phobias
Definition
a lasting and unreasonable fear caused by the presence or thought of a specific object or situation that usually poses little or no actual danger.
Term
social anxiety
Definition
emotional discomfort, fear about social situations,  interactions with others, and being evaluated or scrutinized by other people.
Term
Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder
Definition
an anxiety disorder in which people have unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas, sensations, or behaviors that make them feel driven to do something.
Term
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Definition
a pattern of frequent, constant worry and anxiety over many different activities and events
Term
What are some common components of anxiety disorders?
Definition
  • intrusive thoughts
  • physiological arousal
  • distress
  • impairment in daily functioning due to symptoms
    - can't concentrate due to thoughts
    -avoidance behaviors 
Term
Rumination
Definition
Thoughts repeating over and over in someone's mind
-may be focusing on worries or symptoms, but are not actively doing anything about it 
Term
Dissociation
Definition

Feeling of detachment from certain thoughts or experiences
-"numb"
-"outside of body"

 

ex. PTSD 

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