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Child PSY 2105-Ch 4: Prenatal Development
Stages of Prenatal development; Teratology; Natural Challenges; Preventing, detecting and treating birth defects
15
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
09/30/2010

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Term
Conception
Definition
The combining of genetic material from a male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (ovum); fertilization.
Term
Zygote
Definition
A fertilized ovum (conception-2nd week, corr with 1st missed period)
Term
Embryo
Definition
The developing organism from the 3rd week, when implantation is complete, through the 8th week after conception.
Term
Amniotic sac
Definition
A fluid containing watertight membrane that surrounds and protects the embryo or fetus.
Term
Placenta
Definition
An organ that forms where the embryo attaches to the uterus. This organ exchanges nutrients, oxygen, and wastes between the embryo or fetus and mother through a very thin membrane that does not allow the passage of blood.
Term
Umbilical cord
Definition
A soft cable of tissue and blood vessels that connects the fetus to the placenta.
Term
Fetus
Definition
The developing organism from the 9th wk to the 38th wk after conception.
Term
Age of viability
Definition
The age (presently 23 or24 weeks) at which the infant has a chance to survive if born prematurely.
Term
Teratogen
Definition
An agent that can cause abnormal development in the fetus.
Term
Teratology
Definition
The study of the effects of teratogens on development.
Term
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
Definition
A set of features in the infant and child caused by the mother's use of alcohol during pregnancy; typically includes facial malformations and other physical and mental disabilities.
Term
Genetic counselling
Definition
The practice of advising prospective parents about genetic diseases and the likelihood that they might pass on defective genetic traits to their offspring.
Term
Ultrasound imaging
Definition
A non-invasive procedure for detecting physical defects in the fetus. A device that produces soundlike waves of energy is moved over the pregnant woman's abdomen, and reflections of these waves form an image of the fetus.
Term
Amniocentesis
Definition
A procedure for collecting cells that lie in the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus. A needle is passed through the mother’s abdominal wall into the amniotic sac to gather discarded fetal cells. These cells can be examined for chromosomal and genetic defects.
Term
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
Definition
A procedure for gathering fetal cells earlier in pregnancy than is possible through amniocentesis. A tube is passed through the vagina and cervix so that fetal cells can be gathered at the site of the developing placenta.
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