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| Chemical strands in the cell nucleus that contain genes. The nucleus of each human cell has 46 chromosomes with the exception of the gametes which have 23. |
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| A segment of DNA on the chromosome that codes for the production of proteins: the basic unit of inheritance. |
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| The 22 pairs of human chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes. |
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| The pair of human chromosomes that determine one’s sex. Females have two X chromosomes males have an X and a Y. |
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| Y carrying sperm, tend to be lighter, swim faster, shorter lived. |
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| X carrying sperm, heavier, swim more slowly, and live longer. |
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| Sperm are viable for 3-5 days. Ovum is able to be fertilized for 24 hours. |
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| The process by which body cells reproduce, resulting in two identical cells. |
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| The process by which germ cells produce four gametes (sperm and ova), each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. |
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| The exchange of genetic material between cell in mitosis. |
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| Genes for the same trait in the same place on a pair of chromosomes. |
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| Deoxyribonucleic acid: a stair-like double helix molecule that carries genetic info on chromosomes. |
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| The unit of length of the double stranded DNA molecule. |
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| A disorder characterized by limited intellectual and adaptive functioning. (Mental Retardation) |
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| The characteristic of a trait that is expressed or observable. It results from an interaction of genotype and environment. |
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| The arrangement of genes underlying a trait. |
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| A relatively powerful allele whose characteristics are expressed in the phenotype, regardless of the allele with which it is paired. |
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| A relatively weak allele whose characteristics are expressed in the phenotype only when it is paired with another recessive gene. |
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| The case in which the trait is determined by a number of genes. |
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| The case in which a dominant gene does not completely suppress the effects of a recessive gene, which is then somewhat expressed in the phenotype. |
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| The case in which both alleles are dominant and each is completely expressed in the phenotype. |
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| The case in which the allele from one parent is biochemically silenced and only the allele from the other parent affects the phenotype. |
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| The rate at which spurts and plateaus occur in an individual’s physical and mental development. |
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| (Monozygotic): Twins who develop from a single fertilized ovum and thus inherit identical genetic material. |
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| (Dizygotic): Twins that develop from separate ova and thus are no more genetically similar than other siblings. |
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| The field of study that explores the role of genes in producing individual differences in behaviour and development. |
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| A concept used in behaviour genetics to refer to presumed aspects of environment that children experience differently. |
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| Bronfenbrenner and Ceci’s term for interactions btw the child and aspects of the micro-system that have positive effects on psychological functioning and that help maximize the expression of the child’s genetic potential. |
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| Passive Gene-Environment Correlation |
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| The situation in which genes and environment affect development similarly because the genes the child receives from the parents are compatible with the environment the parents provide. |
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| Evocative Gene-Environment Correlation: |
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| The situation in which genes and environment affect development similarly because genetical set predispositions of the child elicit compatible experiences from the environment. |
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| Active Gene-Environment correlation |
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| The situation in which genes and environment affect development similarly because children seek out experiences that are compatible with their genetic predispositions. |
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| In Gottesman’s model, the term for the range of ability of skill that is set by the genes. The value achieved within this range is determined by the environment. |
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| A person is hemizygous for a particular gene when only one allele for the gene is present. The cell or organism in question is called a hemizygote. |
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| A cell is said to be homozygous for a particular gene when identical alleles of the gene are present on both homologous chromosomes. The cell or organism in question is called a homozygote. |
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| Having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes, and so giving rise to varying offspring. The cell or organism in question is called a heterozygote. |
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| The rate at which spurts and plateaus occur in an individual's physical and mental development. |
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