Term
|
Definition
| the evolutionary process that favors individuals best designed to reproduce and survive, stated by Charles Darwin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Promotes organisms survival in its natural habitat, i.e. eagles claws used to swoop prey or human attachment as a way to ensure feeding and protection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carries on Darwin's idea, David Buss adds evolution not only shapes physical features, but effects behavior, such as decision making, aggression, fears, and mating pattern. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Starts with one cell zygote, each cell with 46 chromosomes containing DNA, comes in pair is 23. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Person's genetic heritage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the way an individual's genotype is expressed in observable & measurable characteristics: height, weight, skin color, eye color, psychological characteristics, intelligence, creativity, and social tendencies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phenotype depends on the environment's restrictiveness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| example, Medium tall genes & poor environment may shorten the average, the short gene will never be taller than the average. intelligence & Introversion act the same way, Scar says "Genotype drive experience, environment has little effect". "Humanitarian concerns should not drive developmental theory." i.e. some infants are invulnerable to the negative effects of day care. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| some traits are immune to changes in the environment. i.e. extreme malnutrition of Guatemalan babies, developed normal healthy later in life (study by Kagan). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Genetic disorder where one cannot metabolize amino acids, if untreated may cause mental retardation. Can be treated by diet. Mostly affects white people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Genetically transmitted form of mental retardation caused by presence of 47th chromosome. Mostly affects black people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Genetic disorder effecting red blood cells, RBC shaped like discs, change in recessive gene modifies its shape to look like a sickle. Affects Blacks and Latinos. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Male have extra X Chromosome (XXY), Undeveloped testes & enlarged breasts, tend to be tall. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Females missing one X chromosome (XO), Short, webbed neck. Usually female, fertile for short time. Difficult time with math, excellent verbal ability. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormality in chromosome - constriction and breaks causing mental deficiency, more in males than females. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prenatal procedure, 12-16 weeks of pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High frequency waves directed into woman's abdomen for a representation of the fetus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Assess blood alpha/protein level, 14-20 weeks. Only given to fetus with brain/spinal cord development defects. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Biological parents provide an environment that affects passively. i.e. books in a household |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Evoke stimulation from environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Children seek an environment more suited to his nature. Pick his own niche. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 weeks after conception - zygote attaches to uterine wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2-8 weeks - zygote to embryo - cell division (placenta & umbilical cord) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where the development of the nervous system, sensory receptors - ears, nose, eye, skin, hair, nails occur. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where the development of inner layer - internal body parts - digesting & respiratory systems occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where the development of middle layer - paarts surrounding internal areas - circulatory system, bones, muscles, excretory, reproductive occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2 months - 7 months - embryo to fetus - from 3" in 3 monts to 7.5 lbs, 20", 9 months
Fine details are added to systems that emerged during the embryonic period. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any agent causing a birth defect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any drug legally administered to oneself (Alcohol, Cigarettes) |
|
|
Term
| Effects of Alcohol to Fetal Development |
|
Definition
| Lead to F.A.S. (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome). facial deformity, defective limbs and heart, low intelligence, mental retardation (remember, babies don't like alcohol). |
|
|
Term
| Effects of Nicotine to Fetal Development |
|
Definition
| Fetal & Neonatal death higher. Premature births & low birth weight. Poor language development and cognitive development @ 4 years old. Common occurance of S.I.D.S. (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome). Respiratory Problems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drugs illegally administered to oneself |
|
|
Term
| Effects of Cocaine to Fetal Development |
|
Definition
| drug dependency & withdrawal at birth. Reduced birth weight, hypertension, heart problems. Worse with crack cocaine. |
|
|
Term
| Effects of Heroin to Fetal Development |
|
Definition
| Withdrawal, irritability, abnormal crying, ADHD later in life, disturbed sleep. |
|
|
Term
| Effects of Radiation (X-Ray) onto fetus |
|
Definition
| causes chromosomal abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| Effects of Toxoplasmosis on to fetus |
|
Definition
| from kitty litter, causes eye defects, blindness and skin lesions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 10 min. or more due to prolonged exposure to heat. |
|
|
Term
| Effects of Rubella - German Measles on to Fetus |
|
Definition
| 30,000 deaths to pre/neonatal in 1964-1965, 3-4 weeks pregnancy, Infectious disease, causes mental retardation, can be prevented with vaccination. |
|
|
Term
| Effects of Syphilis on to Fetus |
|
Definition
| Disease causing damage at 4 months, eye lesions, causing blindness and skin lesions. |
|
|
Term
| Effects of Genital Herpes on to Fetus |
|
Definition
| Disease causing fetal damage at the birth canal, 1/3 die, 1/4 have brain damage. Best to have a C-section. |
|
|
Term
| Effects of AIDS on to Fetus |
|
Definition
| 3 ways mothers infected can effect offspring: contact at delivery with maternal blood or fluid, breast feeding, or during gestation across placenta. Babies from infected mothers show symptons while infected, are asymptomatic with infected, or not infected at all, but may develop symptoms until 15 months old. |
|
|
Term
| Effects of Malnutrition on to Fetus |
|
Definition
| Leads to malformed baby. Obesity linked with fetal death and premature labor. Mothers need proper nutrition and information from doctors. Occurs mostly in teen and 20 year old mothers due to lack of insurance for doctors. |
|
|
Term
| Effects of anxiety on to fetus |
|
Definition
| Due to money, death of husband, stress, marital discord, smoking, poor prenatal care can harm fetal development. |
|
|
Term
| Effects of depression on to fetus |
|
Definition
| increases fetal movement, leads to low birth weight |
|
|
Term
| Teen mothers and 35+ years old mothers |
|
Definition
| have a higher percentage of babies with downs, and low birth weight. |
|
|
Term
| Low vitamin C intake of fathers |
|
Definition
| Risk for cancer and birth defects of baby. |
|
|
Term
| Chronic marijuana usage of fathers |
|
Definition
| Reduces testosterone and low sperm count |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| downs syndrome, head and limb deformities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialists who prescribe herbal remedies in Asian cultures |
|
|
Term
| Faith Healers & Root Doctors |
|
Definition
| African american belief in care provided through prayer and faith in God |
|
|
Term
| Tradition of no medication |
|
Definition
| Filipino pregnant women do no take any medications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Latin American healer who uses folk remedies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Native American healer who uses folk remedies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any baby born prior to 38 weeks (as young as 30 weeks, can survive without problem) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any baby born 5.5lbs. or less, after a full term pregnancy, more chance of ADD, high risk babies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depression suffered by a mother following childbirth, typically arising from the combination of hormonal changes, psychological adjustment to motherhood, and fatigue. |
|
|
Term
| Abnormal Post Partum Depression |
|
Definition
| highly depressed, uncontrollable crying, & inability to function in everyday life due to depression suffered by a mother following childbirth, typically arising from the combination of hormonal changes, psychological adjustment to motherhood, and fatigue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| instinctive or intuitive feeling as distinguished from reasoning or knowledge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| example: heart beats fast when nervous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| example: thinking about a feeling, love and hate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Positive Affectivity (PA) |
|
Definition
| High energy, enthusiasm, excitement, peacefulness (biased to an extrovert). |
|
|
Term
| Negative Affectivity (NA) |
|
Definition
| anxiety, guilt, sadness, anger. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Freud's idea of emotion developing internally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Theorists of today's idea of emotional development: goal oriented, between people within other people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is bi-directional(example: baby cries, mom responds. Calm mom = calm baby, anxious mom = anxious baby). |
|
|
Term
| Emotion coaching vs. Dismissal |
|
Definition
| Teach child to deal with emotions vs. dismissing emotions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Regulate emotions (not always acting them out vs. getting in fights with people) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To determine the existence of an emotion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To define the type of emotion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To feel emotion for others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| just because you feel, no need to act out, way to cope with negative emotions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interest, distress, & disgust present at birth - at first stage, babies cry at distress, then feels disgust. |
|
|
Term
| Harry Harlow Primate Study |
|
Definition
| Cloth Monkey vs. Wire Monkey as surrogates: Baby monkeys preferred the soft cloth monkey over wire monkey, even though wire monkey fed them and cloth monkey did not. Proves bonding more important than feeding/survival. |
|
|
Term
| Conrad Lorenz & imprinting |
|
Definition
| Baby gosling study, Mama Goose vs. Dr. Lorenz. Goslings attach to first contact. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Develops the idea that no bonding with any caregiver to a baby develops negative and depressed thinking. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Developed the idea that depressed people acquire a negative schema of the world in childhood and adolescence; children and adolescents who suffer from depression acquire this negative schema earlier. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seligman's idea through experimenting with shocking rats. Group 1 could escape from shocking. Group 2 could not escape, eventually gave up and stopped trying to escape. Found that helplessness and depression is acquired from experience. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interested in stranger anxiety in 8-9 month old babies. Found a difference in regards to the quality of parental contact and the effect it had on the person growing up. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Calm mothers, who are patient and provide good physical contact with good timing develops secure babies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mothers who runs over with anxiety, have bad timing, and does not give a lot of physical contact develops anxious babies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neglectful mother develops babies who avoids mother and strangers. Child grow up to avoid tough decisions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Physically or sexually abused babies can't think of anything regards to strangers. Are confused and chaotic. Baby grows up with horrible anxiety. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prison mothers vs orphanage infants study: infants with prisons mothers developed with no problems with attachment, had contact with child. Orphan infants developed anaclitic depression, some died from not eating, didn't have contact. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Melanie Klein developed the idea that the first object in contact is the breast, the 1st anxiety a baby feels is with the breast. good feeling with breast/mom feeds me = secure, bad feeling/mom takes breast away = insecure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trust vs. Mistrust - if you take care of baby, they will trust you. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Idea that temperament naturally starts before life, continues through life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Child who is harmonious, happy, good with change: any parent can handle. |
|
|
Term
| Difficult temperament child |
|
Definition
| Child who hates change, unhappy, difficult: need a parent with structure & boundaries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Child who doesn't like to be pushed out to the world: need a patient parent, does not coerce child into the world. |
|
|
Term
| Swedish study - Stay at home fathers |
|
Definition
| House husbands due to good benefits and healthcare given by the government. In these households, even when fathers are primary house workers and child bearers, mothers are still more nurturing than father, soothing and talks to child. Mothers might feel guilt because of socialization, difficult to change the gender socializing roles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Babies who like to move alot, very active |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Babies who are able to stop crying by themselves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Babies who are active and are able to stop crying by themselves sometimes. |
|
|
Term
| Effects of Marijuana on fetus development |
|
Definition
| Increased tremors & startled reactions. Low birth weight, poor verbal & memory development @ age 4. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| says genotype drives experiences, environment has little effect. |
|
|
Term
| Criticism of Evolutionary Psychology |
|
Definition
| Bandura dislikes "biologizing" of psychology, favors a bi-dimensional view with environment and biology. Evolutionary tools alter and construct new environmental conditions. Thinks this idea will promote sexism, racism, classism, eugenics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a genetic feature that hides the recessive trait in the phenotype of an individual. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of cell division in which each pair of chromosomes separates and joins a daughter cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having sperm and egg unite outside of a woman's body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to a physical change that occurs to women after childbirth |
|
|
