Term
Historical Views of Children and Childhood
Plato and Aristotle
- believed that schools & parents had the responsibility of teaching children self-control
- both, perticularly Aristotle, believed too much discipline stifled a child's initiative and individuality
|
|
Definition
- Plato argued that children's sensory experience simply trigger knowledge they'be had since birth
- Aristotle denied the existence of innate knowledge.
- He theiorized that knowledge is rooted in perceptual experience. Children acquire knowledge based on information provided by their sense.
|
|
|
Term
John Locke (1632-1704)
- Portrayed infants as tabula rasa or "blank slate"
- claimed that experience molds the infant, child adolescent, adult into a unique individual.
- believed parents should instruct, reward and discipline children, gradually relaxing contrul as they get older.
|
|
Definition
Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
- believed newborns have innate sense of justice and morality that unfolds natturally as children grow.
- children move through stages - infancy, childhood, and adolescence.
- instead of discipline, parents should be receptive & responsive to children's needs
|
|
|
Term
2 events set the stage for the development of child development science.
- The industrial revolution
- Charles Darwin's work on evolution.
|
|
Definition
| Many scientists, including Darwin wrote what became known as Baby Biographies, detailed, systematic observations of individual children. |
|
|
Term
G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924)
- generated theories of child development based on evolutionary theory.
- Founded the first scientific journal in english
- Founded a child-study institute at Clark University
- First president of the American Psychological Association.
|
|
Definition
- Albert Binet devised the first mental tests.
- Sigmund Freud suggested that the experiences of early childhood seemed to account for patterns in adult behavior.
- John B Watson, founder of behaviorism, began to write about the importance of reward & punishment for child rearing.
|
|
|
Term
| In 1933 these scientific forces came together to form the Society fo Research in Early Child Development. SRCD |
|
Definition
Applied Developmental Science
- new branch of child development research
- uses developmental research to promote healthy developmentm particularly for vulnerable children and families.
|
|
|
Term
| Researchers influence policy by providing needed knowledge, acting as advocates for children, by evaluating programs and by devising model programs |
|
Definition
Theory
In child development, a theory is an organized set of ideas that is designed to explain and make predications about development |
|
|
Term
The Biological Perspective
- intellectual and personality development, as well as physical and motor development are rooted in biology
- one of the 1st bilogical theories, Maturational Theory developed by Arnold Gesell.
- Maturational Theory - child development reflects a specific and prearranged scheme or plan withing the body.
|
|
Definition
- maturational theory discarded because it had little to say about the impack of a child's environment
- Ethological Theory - views development from an evolutionary perspective. many behaviors are adaptive, they have survival value.
- ethological theorists assume that people inherit many of these adaptive behaviors.
|
|
|
Term
- A critical period - is the time in development when a specific type of learning can take place; before or after the critical period, the same learning is difficult of even impossible.
- Konrad Lorenze - theorized that chicks are biologically programmed to follow the first moving object that they see.
- Ethologicala dn maturational theory both highlight the bioligical bases of child development
|
|
Definition
The Psychodynamic Perspective
- oldest scientific perspective on child development
- originating in the owrk of Sigmund Freud
- Psychodynamic theory - development is largely determined by how well people resolve conflicts they face at different ages.
|
|
|
