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| concern for one's own needs |
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| other's need basis for help; little sympathy or guilt for not helping |
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| internalized values an ideas not strongly stated |
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| internalized values orientation |
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| helping based on strongly internalized values |
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| emotional reaction to another's emotional state or condition that is similar to that person's state or condition |
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| feeling of concern for another in reaction to the other's emotional state or condition |
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- see rules and duties as unchangeable givens established by adults
- believe what determines whether an action is good or bad is the consequence of the action not the motive behind it
- children have not reached the congnitive stage of concrete operations
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- children learn rules can be constructed by the group
- learn to take one another's perspective
- more autonomous in thinking of moral issues
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- understanding that rules can be changed if a group agrees
- consider fairness and equality as factors of rules
- consider motives behind crimes
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- moral reasoning is self centered
- focus on getting rewards and avoiding punishment
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| moral reasoning centered on social relationships |
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| moral reasoning is involved with ideas focusing on moral principles |
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| families help ensure that children survive to maturity by attending to their physical, health, and safety needs |
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| family provide the means for children to acquire the skills and other resources that they will need to be economically productive as adults |
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| families teach children the basic values of their culture |
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| parents may directly teach their chldren skills, rules, and strategies and explicitly inform or advise them on various issues |
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| parents provide indirect socialization through their own behaviors with and around their children |
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| parents manage their children's experiences and social lives, including their exposure to various people, activities, and information |
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| acceptance/responsiveness/supportiveness |
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| supportive, sensitive to children's needs and willingness to provide affection and praise when children meet their expectations |
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| amount of regulation and control parents take with their children |
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- sets clear standards and limits for their children and are firm about enforcing them
- children: competent, self assured, control behavior, popular
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- nonresponsive to their children's needs expect children to comply without questions
- enforce their demands through the exercise of parental power and the use of threats and punishment
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- responsive to children's needs
- do not require that their children regulate themselves or act in an appropriate or mature manner
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- do not set limits or monitor children's behavior
- tend to be focused on their own needs rather than their children's
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| the gened we recieve from our parents |
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| the environments that influence our development |
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| for normal devlopment to occur, children must encounter the relavent experiences during a certain window of time |
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| the ability to understand how info is conveyed in tv programming and to interpret it properly |
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| after conception produces roughly 10,000 brain cells per minute |
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Definition
| causes all neurons to travel from where they were produced to their long term location |
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| when dendrites and axons grow out from the original cell body |
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Definition
| adds an insulating sheath over certain axons which speed up the rate of transmission of electrical signals |
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| formation of synapses between the end of axons and the beginning of dendrites that allow neurotransmitters to transmit signals from neuron to neuron |
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Definition
| reduces the number of synapses by process of elimination, use it or lose it |
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| a decrease in responses to environmental contingencies that contribute to development |
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| instrumental conditioning |
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Definition
| behaviors that are rewarded become more frequent and behaviors that do not lead to rewards becomes less frequent |
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| helps infants anticipate other peoples actions and generate similar sequences of behavior |
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| unemotional aggression aimed at fulfilling a need or desire |
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| aggression sparked by one's perception that other people's motives are hostile |
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| believe that aggression will pay off in tangible benefits such as enhancing self-esteem |
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| display high levels of hostile retalitory aggression |
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