Term
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Definition
| changes in content, structure and processing of information |
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Term
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Definition
| information only retained for a brief period of time, information will be lost unless recognized and interpreted, lasts only few milliseconds |
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Term
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Definition
| working memory, lasts 15-30 seconds, must perform cognitive operations on new information in order to remember |
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Term
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Definition
| information that is transformed or organized, large capacity and stores information indefinitely, not always able to access it. |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of behaviors and processes, involves extracting information from ongoing events in an active, selective and economical way |
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Term
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Definition
| the gradual elimination of attention in the processing information |
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Term
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Definition
| increases in age, children become better able to focus their attention on task-relevant information and to ignore irrelevant information |
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Term
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Definition
| mental representations of frequently repeated events in children's everyday life |
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Term
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Definition
| memory strategy where you repeat items over and over again |
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Term
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Definition
| memory strategy group the items into meaningful categories |
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Term
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Definition
| memory strategies where you add information to make it more meaningful and easier to store. |
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Term
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Definition
| the cognitive operations a learner might use to recover information from memory |
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Term
| Expert versus novice studies |
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Definition
| more knowledgeable individuals are better able than novices to group or organize information in meaningful patterns |
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Term
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Definition
| children's knowledge and understanding of their own cognitive capabilities, eventually begin to regulate and control their own learning activities |
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Term
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Definition
| knowledge about memory, improves significantly during elementary years |
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Term
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Definition
| what strategies are available to them |
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Term
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Definition
| how the procedures of learning can be applied |
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Term
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Definition
| why these procedures and strategies are effective in specific situations |
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Term
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Definition
| children begin to regulate and control their own learning activities, can plan, set goals, organize, self-monitor and self-evaluate |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of organizational and elaboration strategies that involve transforming the learning material in meaningful ways |
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Term
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Definition
| involves agency (search for meaning/understanding), collaborative (develop/sustain), reflection (analysis, discussion, critique), discipline inquiry (reasoning with research/evidence, seeking advice, share results) |
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Term
| Psychometric/Intelligence theories |
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Definition
| attempt to identify the processes that explain individual differences revealed on cognitive measures (IQ tests) |
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Term
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Definition
| The use of standardized tests of intelligence to study individual differences in cognitive development |
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Term
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Definition
| published first intelligence test in 1904, person's intellectual ability could be inferred from his/her performance on a series of cognitive tasks |
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Term
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Definition
| Mental Age/Chronological Age x 100. 100 is average. |
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Term
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Definition
| measure a child's ability to learn or to apply information in new ways |
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Term
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Definition
| measure what children have gained from instruction at home or at school |
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Term
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Definition
| place into memory information that is abstract, unfamiliar, or not meaningful |
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Term
| Increase attentiveness in classroom |
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Definition
| environment needs to be secure, attractive, novel and stimulating |
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Term
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Definition
| The most common methods of assessing individual differences in cognitive development |
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Term
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Definition
| called g, underlies all cognitive functioning, ability to think in abstract terms |
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Term
| Crystallized intelligence |
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Definition
| one of two kinds of intelligence; assessed by word fluency, general information and vocabulary and verbal comprehension; factual information |
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Term
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Definition
| one of two kinds of intelligence; speed of information processing, memory processes, ability to detect relationships, and other abstract thinking skills; creativity |
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Term
| Componential intelligence |
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Definition
| the ability to allocate mental resources, to encode and store information, to plan and monitor, to identify problems, and to acquire new knowledge. |
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Term
| Experiential intelligence |
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Definition
| the ability to cope with new situations in an effective, efficient and insightful manner |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to adapt to a changing environment or, to shape that environment to capitalize on one's abilities or skills; practical intelligence (application to everyday problems) |
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Term
| Triarchic model of intelligence |
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Definition
| Componential, experiential, contextual; Robert Sternberg |
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Term
| Gardner's multiple intelligences |
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Definition
| Logical-mathematical, linguistic, musical, spatial, bodily kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensitivity to and capacity to discern logical or patterns; ability to handle long chains of reasoning |
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Term
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Definition
| sensitivity to sounds, rhythms, and meaning of words; sensitivity to the different functions of language |
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Term
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Definition
| abilities to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch, and timbre; appreciation of different forms of musical expressiveness |
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Term
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Definition
| capacities to perceive the visual-spatial world accurately and to perform transformations on one's initial perceptions |
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Term
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Definition
| abilities to control one's body movements and to handle objects skillfully |
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Term
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Definition
| capacities to discern and respond appropriately to the moods, temperaments, motivations and desires of other people |
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Term
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Definition
| access to one's own feelings and the ability to discriminate among them to guide behavior; knowledge of one's own strengths, weaknesses, desires and intelligences |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to discriminate among living things as well as demonstrate a sensitivity toward other features of the natural world |
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Term
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Definition
| a statistic that applies to a population, rather than a trait or an individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| combination of nature and nurture |
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Term
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Definition
| an approach that moves a child ahead of his or her age in one or more curriculum areas or grade levels; increase breadth and depth |
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Term
| ability grouping or tracking systems |
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Definition
| The achievement problems of racial and ethnic minority students are compounded through these systems |
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Term
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Definition
| provide information about the present state and existing skills of students to teachers |
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Term
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Definition
| two-way interactions between students and teachers |
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Term
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Definition
| content integration, knowledge-construction process, equity pedagogy, prejudice reduction, empowering school culture and social structure |
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