Term
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Definition
| the use of ideas, images, or other symbols to stand for objects or events |
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Term
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Definition
| an abstract, rule-governed system of arbitrary symbols that can be combined in countless ways to communicate information |
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Term
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Definition
| the system of sounds used in a language, the rules for combining those sounds to make words, and the use of stress and intonation in spoken sentences |
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Term
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Definition
| speech sounds that contrast with one another in a particular language and can change the meaning of a word |
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Term
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Definition
| the meanings of words and sentences |
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Term
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Definition
| the system of rules for combining morphemes to form words or to modify word meanings |
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Term
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Definition
| the smallest meaningful units in a language |
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Term
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Definition
| the rules for organizing words into phrases and sentences |
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Term
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Definition
| the rules governing conversation and social use of language |
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Term
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Definition
| language skills used to put ideas into words |
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Term
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Definition
| language skills used to understand what other people say |
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Term
| prelinguistic vocalization |
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Definition
| sounds produced by infants during the first year of life, before they begin to speak |
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Term
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Definition
| reflexive vocalization that occurs automatically whenever an infant is overly aroused |
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Term
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Definition
| prelinguistic vocalizations that consist largely of vowel sounds and express pleasure and contentment |
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Term
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Definition
| prelinguistic vocalizations that vary greatly in pitch and loudness, including occasional simple syllables |
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Term
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Definition
| prelinguistic vocalizations consisting of syllables that sound increasingly like speech |
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Term
| conversational babbling or jargon |
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Definition
| prelinguistic vocalizations in which infants use adultlike stress and intonation |
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Term
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Definition
| vocalizations that seem to have consisten meanings for a child and are used in attempts to communicate, but do not closely resemble adult words in sound or meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| a style of early word use in which words primarily refer to objects and events |
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Term
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Definition
| a style of early word use in which words primarily express social routines |
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Term
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Definition
| a sudden increase in word acquisition at about 18 months of age |
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Term
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Definition
| mistakes in detecting boundaries between words in a sentence |
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Term
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Definition
| a process in which a young child uses context cues to make a quick and reasonably accurate guess about the meaning of an unfamliar word |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for language learning children and their adult conversation partners to share a focus of attention |
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Term
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Definition
| children's tendency to assume that unfamiliar words are names for objects rather than for attributes or actions |
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Term
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Definition
| children's tendency to assume that no two words have the same meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| language errors in which the meaning a child attaches to a word is too restricted |
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Term
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Definition
| language errors in which the meaning a child attaches to a word is too broad |
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Term
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Definition
| a unit of language that carries little meaning by itself, but that changes the meaning of words or sentences in a systematic way |
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Term
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Definition
| language errors in which a child applies a morphological rule to a word that is an exception to the rule |
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Term
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Definition
| a single word that conveys the meaning of a phrase or sentence |
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Term
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Definition
| a toddler speech style in which words not essential to the meaning of a sentence are ommitted |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to use language in a socially appropriate way in a particular culture |
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Term
| environmentalist theories |
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Definition
| theories that stress environmental factors in language acquistion |
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Term
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Definition
| theories that stress inborn, biologically based factors in language acquisition |
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Term
| language acquisition device (LAD) |
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Definition
| chomsky's term for innate capacities of the human brain that make language acuisition possible |
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Term
| child-directed speech (CDS) or motherese |
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Definition
| the modifications adults make in their speech when talking to young children |
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Term
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Definition
| symbols that closely resemble the things they represent |
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