长

chang / zhang

long; elder ,leader; to grow

an elder man who has grown a long hair;

a simplified form of 長 

弓

gong

bow

a curved bow

张

zhang

to stretch/spread

bow (gong) + long (zhang)

a long bow must be stretched out to its full length to spread over the zone of range of the arrow

氵

shui

涨

zhang

to rise, to swell

water [shui] + spread (zhang)

the water starts to spread over the banks when it rises because of the rain, causing the furniture in the ground floor to swell