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Definition
| an absence of spontaneous respiration. |
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Term
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| a large, rounded thorax, as in the inspiratory phase, considered normal in some stocky individuals and certain others who live in high-altitude areas and consequently have increased vital capacity. Barrel chest may also be a sign of pulmonary emphysema. |
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Definition
| an abnormally low rate of breathing( lower than 12/min) |
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Definition
| an increase in the intensity and clarity of vocal resonance that may result from an increase in lung tissue density, such as in the consolidation of pneumonia. Assessed by having patient repeat a phrase such as 99 during auscultation. |
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Term
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Definition
| very loud, high-pitched and sound close to the stethoscope. There is a gap between the inspiratory and expiratory phases of respiration, and the expiratory sounds are longer than the inspiratory sounds. If these sounds are heard anywhere other than over the manubrium, it is usually an indication that an area of consolidation exists (ie space that usually contains air now contains fluid or solid lung tissue). |
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Term
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Definition
Loud, low-pitched, bubbling and gurgling sounds that start in early inspiration and may be present in expiration; may decrease somewhat by suctioning or coughing but will reappear shortly—sounds like opening a Velcro fastener
Inhaled air collides with secretions in the trachea and large bronchi |
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Term
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Definition
Discontinuous, highpitched, short crackling, popping sounds heard during inspiration that are not cleared by coughing; you can simulate this sound by rolling a strand of hair between your fingers near your ear, or by moistening your thumb and index finger and separating them near your ear
Inhaled air collides with previously deflated airways; airways suddenly pop open, creating crackling sound as gas pressures between the two compartments equalize |
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Definition
| is a coarse crackling sensation palpable over the skin surface. It occurs in subcutaneous emphysema when air escapes from the lung and enters the subcutaneous tissue, as after open thoracic injury or surgery. |
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Term
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Definition
| bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by an excess of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule, such as in methemoglobin. |
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Definition
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Definition
| a distressful subjective sensation of uncomfortable breathing that may be caused by many disorders including certain heart and respiratory conditions, strenuous exercise, or anxiety |
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Definition
| a change in the voice sound of a patient with pleural effusion as heard on auscultation. When the patient is asked to make /ē-ē-ē/, sounds, they are heard over the peripheral chest wall as /ä-ä-ä/,, particularly over an area of consolidated or compressed lung above the effusion. Also called tragophony. |
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Term
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Definition
| a dry, grating sound heard with a stethoscope during auscultation. It is a normal finding when heard over the liver and splenic areas. A friction rub auscultated over the pericardial area is suggestive of pericarditis; a rub over the pleural area may be a sign of lung disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| coughing up of blood from the respiratory tract. Blood-streaked sputum often is present in minor upper respiratory infections or bronchitis. More profuse bleeding may indicate Aspergillus infection, lung abscess, tuberculosis, or bronchogenic carcinoma, in which the exsanguination (blood loss) is caused by erosion of the pulmonary vessels by the tumor. The patient should be informed that hemoptysis is normal after some endoscopic procedures to prevent worry. Radiographic examination, endoscopy, and bronchoscopy are often used to diagnose hemoptysis. Also spelled haemoptysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| an exaggerated deep, rapid, or labored respiration. It occurs normally with exercise and abnormally with aspirin overdose, pain, fever, hysteria, or any condition in which the supply of oxygen is inadequate, such as cardiac disease and respiratory disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| exaggerated resonance on percussion |
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Term
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Definition
| n abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand to breathe deeply or comfortably. It occurs in many disorders of the cardiac and respiratory systems, such as asthma, pulmonary edema, emphysema, pneumonia, and angina pectoris. |
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Definition
| A forward protrusion of the sternum, with ribs sloping back at either side and vertical depressions along costochondral junctions (pigeon breast). Less common than pectus excavatum, this minor deformity requires no treatment. If severe, surgery may be indicated. |
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Term
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Definition
| a skeletal abnormality of the chest characterized by a depressed sternum. The deformity may not interfere with breathing, but surgical correction is often recommended for cosmetic reasons. Funnel chest. |
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Term
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Definition
| is the low-pitched, clear, hollow sound that predominates in healthy lung tissue in the adult |
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Term
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Definition
| Large airway obstructed by fluid, Heard commonly during expiration, Low-pitched continuous snoring sound. can possibly be cleared with cough. |
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Term
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Definition
| material coughed up from the lungs and expectorated through the mouth. It contains mucus, cellular debris, or microorganisms, and it also may contain blood or pus. The amount, color, and constituents of the sputum are important in the diagnosis of many illnesses, including tuberculosis, pneumonia, cancer of the lung, and the pneumoconioses. |
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Term
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Definition
High-pitched, monophonic, inspiratory, crowing sound, louder in neck than over chest wall
Originating in larynx or trachea, upper airway obstruction from swollen, inflamed tissues or lodged foreign body |
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Term
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Definition
| is a vibration felt on the patient's chest during low frequency vocalization. Commonly, the patient is asked to repeat the phrase 'boy oh boy' (or any other diphthong such as 'toy boat' and 'blue balloons') while the examiner attempts to detect vibrations on the chest wall. The phrase 'ninety-nine' is also commonly used. The German language equivalent neun und neunzig, is a diphthong, and is appropriate. |
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Term
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Definition
(Excursion)
Place both thumbs at about 7th rib posteriorly along the spinal process
Extend the fingers of both hands outward over the posterior chest wall
Have the person take a deep breath and observe for bilateral outward movement of thumbs |
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Term
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Definition
| a loud, high-pitched musical sound percussed over the upper gastric area or a puffed-out cheek. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vesicular breath sounds consist of a quiet, wispy inspiratory phase followed by a short, almost silent expiratory phase. They are heard over the periphery of the lung field. As stated earlier, these sounds are NOT produced by air moving through the terminal bronchioles and alveoli but rather are the result of attenuation of breath sounds produced in the bronchi at the hilar region of the lungs. These sounds may be absent or silent in the periphery of normal resting animals. They are highly variable in intensity depending on the species, ventilation, and body condition. Increased intensity may be associated with pulmonary consolidation. |
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Term
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Definition
| High pitched heard on expiration, continuous musical sound that could possibly be cleared with cough |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to an increased loudness of whispering "1-2-3" while the physician is listening using a stethoscope on the lung fields on a patient's back. Usually it is not heard when whispered. It is a test performed during a medical physical examination to evaluate for the presence of consolidation in the lungs, which could be caused by cancer or pneumonia. The test is similar to the test for bronchophony and egophony. In bronchophony, the physician often asks the patient to whisper “ninety-nine” or "sixty-six" while listening over the lung fields: the sound will be louder in areas where consolidation is present. |
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Term
| bronchovesicular breath sounds |
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Definition
| Moderate pitch, moderate intensity, equal on inspiration and expiration, heard between scapulae in 1st/2nd ICS lateral to sternum |
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