Term
|
Definition
| What body habitus generally requires the IR to be placed crosswise or transverse in the upright wall stand for a chest exam? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which direction does the diaphragm move on inspiration? |
|
|
Term
| MAKING THE EXPOSURE ON DEEP INSPIRATION ALLOWS THE DIAPHRAGM TO MOVE TO THE LOWEST POINT AND BETTER VISUALIZATION OF THE THORACIC CAVITY |
|
Definition
| Why is it important to do a chest x-ray with inspiration? |
|
|
Term
| EXPOSE ON PATIENT'S SECOND FULL INSPIRATION |
|
Definition
| What are the proper breathing instructions for chest radiography? |
|
|
Term
| MAKE SURE TO REMOVE ALL RADIOPAQUE OBJECTS FROM THE CHEST REGION (ALSO ADJUST THE POSITION OF OXYGEN TUBING, HEART MONITOR LEADS, TO BE REMOVED FROM THE LUNG FIELD) |
|
Definition
| Before positioning a patient for a chest exam, what is something the technologist must do? |
|
|
Term
| SMALL PNEUMOTHORAX, FIXATION OR ABNORMAL MOVEMENT OF DIAPHRAGM, PRESENCE OF FOREIGN BODY, OR TO DISTINGUISH THE DIFFERENCE IN A DENSITY LOCATED AROUND A RIB OR IN THE LUNG (FOREIGN BODY) |
|
Definition
| Please list a reason why a chest exam might be performed on expiration as well as inspiration. |
|
|
Term
| SHOULD BE ABLE TO COUNT A MINIMUM OF 10 PAIRS OF POSTERIOR RIBS ABOVE THE DIAPHRAGM |
|
Definition
| When evaluating a chest radiograph, how can you determine if the patient successfully followed your breathing instructions? |
|
|
Term
| ALLOWS DIAPHRAGM TO MOVE TO THE LOWEST POSITION, UTILIZES A HORIZONTAL BEAM WHICH DEMONSTRATES AIR/FLUID LEVELS, PREVENTS ENGORGEMENT OF PULMONARY VESSELS |
|
Definition
| Why should all chest exams be performed upright when possible? |
|
|
Term
| LESS MAGNIFICATION OF THE HEART BECAUSE OF LESS BEAM DIVERGENCE |
|
Definition
| Why should chest exams be performed at a SID of 72"? |
|
|
Term
| PLACES THE HEART AND GREAT VESSELS CLOSER TO THE IR (BECAUSE THEY ARE LOCATED IN THE ANTERIOR PORTION OF THE THORAX) THEREBY REDUCING MAGNIFICATION |
|
Definition
| Why should chest exams be performed PA rather than AP? |
|
|
Term
| THE SC JOINTS SHOULD BE SYMMETRICAL OR EQUAL DISTANCES TO THE MIDLINE OF THE SPINE TO ENSURE NO ROTATION |
|
Definition
| How do you evaluate a PA chest radiograph for rotation? |
|
|
Term
| THE PATIENT WAS ROTATED TOWARD THEIR RIGHT SIDE (RAO) |
|
Definition
| If the SC joints are not symmetrical and the right one is closer to the spine, what positioning error has occurred? |
|
|
Term
| SO THE CHIN/MANDIBLE WILL NOT BE SUPERIMPOSED OVER THE APICES OF THE LUNGS |
|
Definition
| Why do you ask patients to elevate their chin before taking a PA chest radiograph? |
|
|
Term
| TO REMOVE THE SCAPULAE FROM THE LUNG FIELD AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE |
|
Definition
| Why do you ask patients to roll their shoulders forward before exposing a PA chest radiograph? |
|
|
Term
| VERIFY THAT THE POSTERIOR RIB MARGINS AND COSTOPHRENIC ANGLES ARE SUPERIMPOSED. THE RIGHT COSTOPHRENIC ANGLE WILL BE HIGHER THAN THE LEFT, DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF THE LIVER |
|
Definition
| How do you evaluate a lateral chest radiograph for rotation? |
|
|
Term
| IF THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE POSTERIOR RIB MARGINS MEASURES MORE THAN 1 CM |
|
Definition
| When should you repeat a lateral chest film for rotation? |
|
|
Term
| TO PREVENT THE UPPER ARMS FROM SUPERIMPOSING UPPER AREAS OF THE CHEST |
|
Definition
| Why should the patient raise their arms above their heads before taking a lateral chest exam? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the CR location for either a PA or AP chest exam? |
|
|
Term
| USE THE FINGER SPREAD METHOD; 7" BELOW VERTEBRA PROMINENS FOR FEMALES, 8" FOR MALES |
|
Definition
| How should you locate T7 for an PA chest radiograph? |
|
|
Term
| LOCATE THE JUGULAR NOTCH AND CENTER 3" INFERIOR (3-4 FINGER WIDTHS) |
|
Definition
| How should you locate T7 for an AP chest radiograph? |
|
|
Term
| TO PLACE THE CR PERPENDICULAR TO THE STERNUM OF THE PATIENT SO THAT THE CLAVICLES WILL NOT OBSCURE THE APICES |
|
Definition
| When performing a chest exam portable, the patient is usually positioned as close to upright as possible by raising the bed. What is the goal of angling the CR for this portable AP chest projection? |
|
|
Term
| EITHER A RIGHT OR LEFT LATERAL DECUBITUS |
|
Definition
| If a patient is unable to sit or stand for a PA upright chest radiograph, what specific position will also demonstrate air/fluid levels in the chest? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If you need to evaluate a pneumothorax in a patient's left lung, which decub position would be best? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If you need to evaluate pleural effusion in a patient's left lung, which decub position would be best? |
|
|
Term
| AP OR APICAL LORDOTIC DECUB |
|
Definition
| What projection of the chest will demonstrate the apices with the clavicles demonstrated above? |
|
|
Term
| LAO (IF THE PATIENT IS IN THE ANTERIOR OBLIQUE POSITION, IT WILL BEST DEMONSTRATE THE LUNG FARTHEST AWAY FROM THE IR; OPPOSITE IF THE PATIENT IS PLACED IN A POSTERIOR OBLIQUE POSITION) |
|
Definition
| If an order was written to perform an anterior oblique chest exam to demonstrate the right lung, what specific position would you place your patient? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where does the vertbra prominens, the spinous process of C7 lie? |
|
|
Term
| LIES AT THE LEVEL OF T2-3 |
|
Definition
| Where does the jugular notch (manubrial, suprasternal) lie? |
|
|
Term
| LIES AT THE LEVEL OF T9-T10 |
|
Definition
| Where does the xiphoid tip or process lie? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the common passageway for food, fluid, and air? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is the trachea anterior or posterior to the esophagus? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where does the trachea bifurcate into the right and left bronchi? |
|
|
Term
| THE RIGHT BRONCHUS BECAUSE IT IS WIDER IN DIAMETER AND MORE VERTICAL |
|
Definition
| Which bronchus would objects that are aspirated are more likely to travel down? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are the smallest structures called where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs called? |
|
|
Term
| RIGHT LUNG: 3 LEFT LUNG: 2 |
|
Definition
| How many lobes does the right and left lung have? |
|
|
Term
| TRACHEA, ESOPHAGUS, HEART/GREAT VESSELS, AND THYMUS GLAND |
|
Definition
| What does the mediastinum, the area of the thoracic cavity, located between the lungs consist of? |
|
|
Term
| AT PUBERTY AND THEN BEGINS TO DECREASE AND IS ALMOST UNIDENTIFIABLE IN AN ADULT |
|
Definition
| When does the thymus gland reach its largest size? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the name of the muscle that divides the thoracic and abdominal cavities? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are the names of the muscles located on either side of the lumbar spine which will be seen on a properly exposed abdomen radiograph? |
|
|
Term
| KIDNEYS, URETERS, AND BLADDER |
|
Definition
| Another name for the AP supine abdomen radiograph is the KUB. What does KUB stand for? |
|
|
Term
| BOWEL OBSTRUCTION, PERFORATIONS THAT INVOLVE FREE-AIR, EXCESSIVE FLUID (ASCITES), OR POSSIBLE MASS |
|
Definition
| What conditions would exist in which an acute abdominal series would be performed instead of only an AP supine abdominal radiograph? |
|
|
Term
| LIVER, GALLBLADDER, PANCREAS |
|
Definition
| What are the accessory organs to digestion? |
|
|
Term
| STOMACH, SMALL INTESTINE, LARGE INTESTINE |
|
Definition
| What are the organs of digestion that lie within the abdominopelvic cavity? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are the three portions of the small intestine? |
|
|
Term
| ILEOCECAL VALVE, CECUM, ASCENDING COLON, RIGHT COLIC (HEPATIC) FLEXURE, TRANSVERSE COLON, LEFT COLIC (SPLENIC) FLEXURE, DESCENDING COLON, SIGMOID COLON, RECTUM, ANUS |
|
Definition
| Name the portions of the large intestine in anagrade fashion (direction of normal flow) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What organ is classified as part of the lymphatic system that is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which quadrant of the abdomen houses the liver? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which quadrant is the cecum located? |
|
|
Term
| KIDNEYS, URETERS, BLADDER, URETHRA |
|
Definition
| What are the structures of the urinary system located within the abdominopelvic cavity? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The adrenal or suprarenal glands are part of what body system? |
|
|
Term
| UPPER POLES OF EACH KIDNEY |
|
Definition
| Where are the adrenal glands located? |
|
|
Term
| KIDNEYS, MOST OF THE URETERS, PANCREAS, DUODENUM |
|
Definition
| What major structures of the abdomen are considered retroperitoneal? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where is the inferior rib margin located at? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where is the iliac crest located at? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is considered to represent the lowest level or the inferior margin of the abdominal cavity. |
|
|
Term
| TO ALLOW THE DIAPHRAGM TO RISE TO ITS HIGHEST POINT AND DEMONSTRATE THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY BETTER |
|
Definition
| Why do you make abdominal exposures on expiration? |
|
|
Term
| BY PLACING THE SUPERIOR MARGIN OF THE SHIELD AT THE INFERIOR MARGIN OF THE SYMPHYSIS |
|
Definition
| When using a contact gonadal shield for male abdomen procedures, where is the shield placed? |
|
|
Term
| LEVEL OF THE ILIAC CREST AND TO THE MIDSAGITTAL PLANE |
|
Definition
| Where is the CR location for an AP supine abdomen (KUB) radiograph? |
|
|
Term
| 14 x 17 LENGTHWISE UNLESS THE PATIENT'S BODY HABITUS REQUIRES 2 IRs USED CROSSWISE TO DEMONSTRATE THE DIAPHRAGM AND SYMPHYSIS |
|
Definition
| What size of IR should be used for most adult abdomen radiographs? |
|
|
Term
| PLACE THUMBS ON EACH ASIS TO MAKE SURE THEY ARE EQUAL DISTANCES TO THE TABLETOP |
|
Definition
| When positioning for a KUB, what can the technologist do to ensure the patient is not rotated? |
|
|
Term
| BY LOOKING AT THE SIZE AND SHAPE OF THE ILIAC WINGS. IF A WING IS ELONGATED OR WIDENED, THE PATIENT WAS ROTATED IN THAT DIRECTION; IF A WING IS FORESHORTENED, THAT SIDE OF THE PATIENT WAS FARTHER FRO THE TABLETOP |
|
Definition
| How do you verify by analyzing the image on a KUB whether or not the positioning was achieved? |
|
|
Term
TWO WAY: AP SUPINE AND AP UPRIGHT ABDOMEN RADIOGRAPHS
THREE WAY: SAME AS TWO-WAY BUT ALSO INCLUDE AN UPRIGHT PA CHEST PROJECTION |
|
Definition
| If an acute abdominal series is ordered, what projections are most routinely performed? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What specific anatomy must be demonstrated on upright abdominal radiographs and decubs? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What projection should be performed if a patient is unable to be positioned for an upright abdominal radiograph? |
|
|
Term
| THE LEFT LATERAL DECUB POSITION PLACES THE PATIENT'S RIGHT SIDE UP AND ALLOWS FREE AIR (IF PRESENT) TO RISE AND BE BETTER VISUALIZED IN THE SHADOW OF THE LIVER INSTEAD OF COMPETING WITH THE AIR IN THE FUNDUS OF THE STOMACH IF THE PATIENT WERE PLACED IN A RIGHT LATERAL DECUB POSITION |
|
Definition
| Why should the left lateral decub projection be performed in the left lateral decub position? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When positioning for the upright abdomen or left lateral decub abdomen projections, where is the CR location? |
|
|
Term
| TO ALLOW ABNORMAL AIR TO RISE AND FLUID TO SETTLE |
|
Definition
| Why should the patient be positioned a minimum of 5 minutes erect before any upright abdominal radiographs are performed? |
|
|
Term
| TO DEMONSTRATE ANEURYSMS, CALCIFICATION OF AORTA, OR UMBILICAL HERNIAS |
|
Definition
| Why would a cross-table lateral or dorsal decub position be performed on an abdomen? |
|
|
Term
| 14 PHALANGES, 5 METATARSALS, 8 CARPALS; 27 TOTAL |
|
Definition
| How many and what specific bones comprise a hand and wrist? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which portion of the metacarpal is more distal? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which carpal bone is the largest? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which carpal bone has only one name? |
|
|
Term
| TRAPEZIUM OR GREATER MULTANGULAR |
|
Definition
| Which carpal bone articulates with the 1st metacarpal? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which bone of the forearm is located laterally? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where is the radial head located? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where is the ulnar head located? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the name of the beak-like process that projects anteriorly on the ulna at its proximal end? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the name of the large process located on the proximal, posterior aspect of the ulna? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the name of the two processes located on both the distal radius and ulna? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which specific condyle of the distal humerus is located medially? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which specific condyle of the distal humerus is located laterally? |
|
|
Term
| LATERAL SIDE OF THE ANTERIOR, DISTAL HUMERUS |
|
Definition
| The radial fossa is located where? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Name the deep depression located on the distal, posterior surface of the humerus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The radius pivots or rotates around the ulna during what motion? |
|
|
Term
| MUST BE KEPT PARALLEL TO THE IR; SOMETIMES THERE WILL BE AN INCREASE IN OID, BUT THIS IS ACCEPTABLE WHEN KEEPING THE PART PARALLEL |
|
Definition
| In order to display open joint spaces in the fingers, hands, and wrists, how must the parts be kept to the IR? |
|
|
Term
| LATERALLY OR EXTERNALLY FROM A PRONATED POSITION |
|
Definition
| Which direction should the hand and wrist be rotated when performing a routine oblique procedure? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are the two basic projections for a forearm exam? |
|
|
Term
| THE AP PROJECTION ALLOWS THE RADIUS AND ULNA TO BE POSITIONED BESIDE ONE ANOTHER WITH MINIMAL SUPERIMPOSITION |
|
Definition
| Why should a forearm be performed AP instead of PA? |
|
|
Term
| ELBOW SHOULD BE FLEXED 90 DEGREES, HAND AND WRIST POSITIONED IN A TRUE LATERAL, AND THE HUMERUS SHOULD BE IN THE SAME PLANE AS THE FOREARM |
|
Definition
| When performing a lateral forearm and/or elbow exam, what 3 things must be achieved? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How will the hand be positioned for an oblique projection of the thumb? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the best way to provide a frontal image of the thumb? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When performing a lateral radiograph of the hand and looking for foreign bodies, which type of lateral positioning is best? |
|
|
Term
| THE JOINT SPACES WILL NOT BE OPEN ON THE RADIOGRAPH DUE TO THE PART NOT BEING KEPT PARALLEL TO THE IR |
|
Definition
| Why should an oblique hand not be positioned with the fingers in contact with the IR when looking at injuries to the digits? |
|
|
Term
| TAKE TWO AP PROJECTIONS; ONE WITH THE FOREARM PARALLEL TO IR AND THE OTHER WITH THE HUMERUS PARALLEL TO THE IR |
|
Definition
| What should be done if an AP elbow is ordered and the patient cannot straighten or extend their arm? |
|
|
Term
| 3rd METACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINT |
|
Definition
| Where is the CR location for a PA hand projection? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which projection of the elbow will best demonstrate the coronoid process of the ulna? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which projection will best demonstrate the olecranon process? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which projection will best demonstrate the radial neck, head, and tuberosity with minimal superimposition of other structures? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which tubercle of the humerus is profiled laterally in anatomical position? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the most common site for fractures of the proximal humerus? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Name the area of the scapula where the humeral head articulates to form the shoulder joint. |
|
|
Term
HAND SUPINATED UNTIL HUMERAL EPICONDYLES ARE PARALLEL WITH IR
CONSIDERED AN AP EXTERNAL ROTATION PROJECTION
GREATER TUBERCLE WILL BE PROFILED LATERALLY ON RADIOGRAPH AND LESSER WILL BE SEEN ANTERIOR |
|
Definition
| To provide an AP view of the proximal humerus: |
|
|
Term
HAND PRONATED UNTIL HUMERAL EPICONDYLES ARE PERPENDICULAR TO IR
CONSIDERED AN AP INTERNAL ROTATION PROJECTION
LESSER TUBERCLE WILL BE PROFILED MEDIALLY AND GREATER IS SEEN ANTERIOR |
|
Definition
| To provide a lateral view of the proximal humerus: |
|
|
Term
| AP WITH NEUTRAL ROTATION, AND EITHER A TRANSTHORACIC LATERAL OR SCAPULAR Y VIEW |
|
Definition
| What routine shoulder projections should be performed if a patient is suspected of having a fracture or dislocation? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where is the CR location for a transthoracic lateral projection? |
|
|
Term
| INFEROSUPERIOR AXIAL OR TRANSAXILLARY LATERAL |
|
Definition
| What is the name of the projection that may be performed on a non-trauma shoulder that has the patient's arm abducted 90 degrees from the body? |
|
|
Term
| BREATHING TECHNIQUE TO BLUR THE RIBS/LUNGS SO AREA OF INTEREST REMAINS IN FOCUS AND BETTER VISUALIZED |
|
Definition
| What specific breathing instructions can be given to the patient when performing a transthoracic lateral and AP scapula exams? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In order to perform a lateral scapula or scapular Y view projection, how will the patient's body be positioned in relation to the IR? |
|
|
Term
| AP AND AP WITH 15-30 DEGREE CEPHALIC ANGLE |
|
Definition
| Name the two routine projections for a clavicle exam. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What SID should be utilized for AC joints? |
|
|
Term
| YES, BOTH SIDES EXAMINED FOR COMPARISON |
|
Definition
| Are AC joints considered a bilateral study? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When performing lateral scapula projections, if the patient is placed in an RAO position, which scapula will best be demonstrated? In an LPO? |
|
|
Term
| AP WITH WEIGHTS AND AP W/O WEIGHTS |
|
Definition
| What are the routine projections for AC joints? |
|
|
Term
| FOREIGN OBJECTS ARE SWALLOWED OR ASPIRATED INTO THE AIR PASSAGES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| COLLAPSE OF ALL OR PORTION OF LUNG |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOST COMMON FORM IS EMPHYSEMA. FORM OF PERSISTANT OBSTRUCTION OF THE AIRWAYS THAT USUALLY CAUSES DIFFICULTY IN EMPTYING THE LUNGS OF AIR. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SHORTNESS OF BREATH; DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ACCUMULATION OF AIR IN PLEURAL CAVITY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHEN BLOOD IS ACCUMULATED IN THE PLEURAL CAVITY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ABNORMAL ACCUMULATION OF FLUID IN THE PLEURAL CAVITY |
|
Definition
| What is pleural effusion? |
|
|
Term
| THE DELICATE, DOUBLE-WALLED SAC OR MEMBRANE CONTAINING THE LUNGS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THE INNER LAYER ADHERING TO THE SURFACE OF THE LUNGS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THE OUTER LAYER OF THE PLEURAL CAVITY ADHERING TO THE INNER SURFACE OF THE CHEST WALL AND DIAPHRAGM |
|
Definition
| What is the parietal pleura? |
|
|
Term
| THE POTENTIAL SPACE BETWEEN THE PARIETAL PLEURA AND THE VISCERAL PLEURA |
|
Definition
| What is the pleural cavity/space? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the upper, rounded portion above the level of the clavicles of the lungs called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the lower, concave portion of the lungs called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the extreme, outermost lower corner of the lungs called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the central area in which bronchi and blood vessels enter the lungs called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the double-walled membrance lining the abdominopelvic cavity called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the double folds that holds the small intestine in place in the abdominal cavity called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the double fold peritoneum that extends from the stomach to another organ in the abdominal cavity called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the peritoneum that attaches the colon to the posterior abdominal wall called? |
|
|
Term
| MECHANICAL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION |
|
Definition
| What is the complete blockage of the flow of intestinal contents called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is paralysis of the ileus called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the telescoping of a section of bowel into another loop of bowel called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is a twisting of a loop of bowel that creates an obstruction called? |
|
|
Term
| LATERAL, SUPERIOR, AND INFERIOR |
|
Definition
| What are the 3 angles of the scapula called? |
|
|
Term
| MEDIAL (VERTEBRAL) BORDER AND LATERAL (AXILLARY) BORDER |
|
Definition
| What are the 2 borders of the scapula called? |
|
|
Term
| CORACOID PROCESS (ANTERIOR) AND ACROMION PROCESS (POSTERIOR) |
|
Definition
| What are the 2 processes of the scapula called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the fossa called on the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus? |
|
|
Term
| VENTRAL (COSTAL) SURFACE AND DORSAL (POSTERIOR) SURFACE |
|
Definition
| What are the 2 surfaces of the scapula called? |
|
|
