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Chemo drugs
All you ever need to know
65
Other
Graduate
12/10/2006

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Term
antibiotic MOA
Definition
1. peptidoglycan
2. membrane

3. DNA/RNA

4. prot. synth

5. energy changes
Term
Bacterial resistance
Definition
mutation, acquire genetic material (conjugation...sex pili, transformation...umtake from env, transduction...bacteriophage)
Term
resistance mechanisms
Definition
receptors (PCN/aminoglycosides), efflux (tetracyclines), influx (B-lactam), metabolism, resistant path (thymidine/sulfonamides), failure to activate (5FU)
Term
Isoniazid
Definition
FAS-II (mycolic acid)....isonicotinic acid (active)....free....6 gene resistance
Term
Rifampin
Definition
DNA pol...conc Dependant
Term
Ethambutol
Definition
Mycobacterial arabinosyl transferase (arabinoglycan).....opitic neuritis
Term
Pyrazinamide
Definition
POA (active) FAS-I...dec. pH....selective to caseous lesions
Term
Streptomycin
Definition
30S ribosome..free only...nephro/oto toxic
Term
Ampho B
Definition
ergosterol binding....use test dose r/o siezures
Term
Flucytocine
Definition
blocks thymidylate synthase.....cytosine spec permiase/ cytocine deaminase
Term
azoles
Definition
traizoles=selective to 14a demethylase (ergosterol synth)
Term
caspofungin
Definition
block B13 glucan synth
Term
griseofulvin
Definition
metaphase spindles, superficial dermatophyte infections
Term
terbinafine
Definition
squalene epoxidase
Term
nystatin
Definition
topical ergosterol binder
Term
bacteriocidal
Definition
aminoglycosides, B-lactam, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, quinolones, rifampin, vancomycin
Term
bacteriostatic
Definition
chloramphenicol, ethambutol, macrolides, sulfonamides, tetracycline
Term
cephalosporin classes
Definition
1->4 inc gram- activity, B-lactamase resistant, inc CSF
Term
carbapenems
Definition
G-, B-lactamase resistant, BROAD
Term
monobactams
Definition
G- aerobic rods ONLY, B-lactamase resistant,
Term
vancomycin
Definition
MRSA, ototox, thrombophlebitis
Term
nitrofurantion
Definition
want inc crystal size, prodrug
Term
methenamine, naldixic acid
Definition
chronic UTI, acidifies urine (no resistance)
Term
cinoxacin
Definition
quinalone related AB used for UTI
Term
quinupristine
Definition
streptofamins used in vancomycin resistant enterococci
Term
linzolid
Definition
vancomycin resistant enterococci in repitory
Term
daptomycin
Definition
broad cell membrane dysruptor
Term
spectinomycin
Definition
IM, gonorrhea
Term
Metronidazole
Definition
active uptake to anaerobic bacteria, PRODRUG, DNA dysruption
Term
chloroquine
Definition
inc pH, active conc, heme metabolism
Term
quinine
Definition
passive conc (WB), heme breakdown
Term
artemisinin
Definition
alkylater, heme breakdown
Term
mefloquine
Definition
concentrated and alters heme breakdown
Term
primaquine
Definition
toxic to babies, Contra w./ dec G6PD, metabolism dysrupter, ubiquinone
Term
atovaquone
Definition
mit. electron transport, ox/red stuff
Term
quinolones
Definition
DNA gyrase inh, cart damage <18yoa,
Term
aminoglycosides
Definition
30S, oto-,renal-toxic, curare-like NMB
Term
tetracyclines
Definition
-static, G+/-...renal-,photo-,hepato-toxic, chelate
Term
macrolides
Definition
50S, legionairs, whooping cough, diptheria, chlamydia...safe
Term
chloramphenical
Definition
broad, gray baby, anemia, bone marrow depression, used in typhoid fev, meningitis
Term
sulfonamides/trimtheoprim
Definition
sulph-dihydropteroate synthetase(PABA) trimeth-dihydrofolate synthetase
Term
herpes
Definition
DS DNA, 1=oral 2=genital .... CMV retinitis, VZV, karposi, mono....
Term
acyclovir
Definition
guanosine derivative....blocks thymidine kinase......initial HSV1/2, VZV, CMV,
Term
valcyclovir
Definition
activated to acyclovir
Term
cidofovir
Definition
CMV retinitis, human papilloma virus
Term
docosonol
Definition
cold sores...abreva
Term
famciclovir
Definition
prodrug of penciclovir..oral
Term
pencyclovir
Definition
HSV, shingles (VZV), ...topical
Term
fomvirsen
Definition
intravitreal injection, CMV retinitis
Term
foscarnet
Definition
pyrophosphate, CMV, HSV, VZV
Term
ganciclovir
Definition
guanine anolauge of acyclovir...CMV
Term
idoxuridine
Definition
thymidine analog...
Term
trifluridine
Definition
pyrimidine derivative...optic herpes keratitis
Term
amantidine/rimantidine
Definition
flu A treat/prevent....inhibits uncoating
Term
zanamivir/oseltamivir
Definition
flu A/B,
Term
respitory syncytial virus
Definition
ribavirin aerosol, palivizumab vaccine
Term
hepatitis A
Definition
no treatment, is a vaccine
Term
hepatitis B
Definition
interferons, lamivuidine
Term
hepatitis C
Definition
interferon alpha and ribavarin (teratogenic)
Term
NRTI
Definition
prodrug...lactic acidosis....N/V
Term
NNRTI
Definition
block reverse transcriptase, active molecule
Term
protease inhibitors
Definition
effective...hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, LFT, metabolized by 3A4
Term
entry inhibitors
Definition
SC BID $$$, limited use...enfuvirtide
Term
smallpox
Definition
variola virus,,, vaccine avaliable, fever rash malaise lesions
Term
hydroxyurea
Definition
inhibits DNA synth in infected cells giving synergistic effect
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