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chemisty exam
chem exam
76
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
06/14/2008

Additional Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

Absolute Zero

Definition

 

 

 

 -273 degrees

Term

Acid

Definition

 

 

 

a substance that produces hydrogen ions in aqueous soloution

Term

 Addition polymerization

Definition

 

 

a reaction in which monomers simply ''add together'' to form polymers

Term

 

 

 

Absolute boiling

Definition

 

 

 

373 degrees

Term

 

 

 

Alkane

Definition

 

 

 saturated hydrocarbon wuth the general formula CnH2n + 2

Term

Alkene

Definition

 

 

an unsatuarted hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon double bond

CnH2n

Term

 Alkyne

Definition

 

 

 

an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon triple bond

Term

Anion

Definition

 

 

 

a negative ion

Term

 Aqueous solution

Definition

 

 

a solution in which water is the dissolving

medium os solvent

Term

 Atom

Definition

 

 

 

the fundermental unit in which elements

are composed

Term

Atomic mass

Definition

 

 

a small unit of mass equal to

1.66x10 -24

Term

Avagadro's number

Definition

 

 

 

6.022x10 23

Term

 Base

Definition

 

 

a substance that produces hydroxide ions in aqueous solution

Term

 

 

Binary ionic

compound I

Definition

 

 

when a metal reacts with a non metal

Term

Binary ionic

compound II

Definition

 

 

contains a metal can can form more than one type of cation usually a transition metal resulting in using a roman numeral to determine the compound

Term

Binary ionic

copmpound III

Definition

 

 

 

when a non metal combines with a non metal

Term

Bond energy

Definition

 

 

the energy required to break a

given chemical bond

Term

Buffered solution

Definition

 

 

a solution where ther is a presence of a weak acid and its conjugated base

Term

 Cation

Definition

 

 

a positive ion

Term

Chemical change

Definition

t

 

he change of substance inot othhe substances through reorganisation of the atoms

Term

Compound

Definition

 

 

a substance with constend composition that can be broken down into elements by chemical process

Term

Conjugated base

Definition

 

what remains of an acid molecule after a

proton is lost

Term

Conjugated acid

Definition

 

 

the species formed when a proton is

added to a base

Term

conjugated

acid-base pair

Definition

 

 

two species related to each other by donating and accepting of a single

Term

Covalent bonding

Definition
a type of bonding which atoms share electrons
Term

Crystalline solid

Definition
a solid characterized by the regular arragngment of its components bonding
Term

Density

Definition

 

a property of matter representing the mass oer unit  volume

Term

Diatomic molecule

Definition

 

 

a molecule composed of two atoms

Term

Dipole-Dipole

attraction

Definition

 

the attrative force resulting when polar molecules line up such that the positive and negative ends are close to each other

Term

Dipole moment

Definition

 

 

a property of a molecule whereby the charge distribution can be represented by a centre of positive charge and a centre of negative charge

Term

Double bond

Definition

 

 

a bond which two atoms share two pairs of electrons

Term

 Electron

Definition
a negatively charged particle that ocupies the space around the nucleus of an atom
Term

Electronegativity

Definition

 

 

the tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to its self

Term

Element

Definition

 

 

a substance that can not be created nor distoyed by physical or chemical means

Term

 

Exothermic process

Definition

 

 

a process in which energy (as heat) flows out of the system into the surroundings

Term

Endothermic

Definition
a process in which energy (as heat) flows from the surroundings  into the system
Term

 Matter

Definition

 

 

solid, liqid or a gas

Term

Heterogeneous

Definition

 

 

a mixture that has different properties in different regions of the mixure

eg rocks in water

Term

Homogeneous

Definition

 

 

a mixture that is the same throughout

Term

Hydrogen bonding

Definition

 

 

usually strong dipole-dipole attractions that occur among molecules in which hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative atom

Term

Intermolecular forces

Definition

 

 

relatively weak interactions that occur between molecules

Term

Intramolecular forces

Definition

 

 

 

interactions that occurwithin a given molecule

Term

 Ion

Definition

 

 

an atom or a group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge

Term

Ionic bonding

Definition

 

 

 

the attraction between oppositely charged ions

Term

Ionic compound

Definition

 

 

a compound that results when a metal reacts with a non metal to form cations and anions

Term

 ionizing energy

Definition

 

 

the quantity of energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion

Term

Isotopes

Definition

 

 

atoms of the same element (the same number of protons) taht have different numbers of neutrons. they have identical atomic numbers but different mass numbers

Term

Kinetic energy

Definition

 

 

 

energy due to the motion of an object

Term

Kinetic molecular theory

Definition

 

 

a model that assumes that an ideal gas is composed of tiny particles (molecules) in constent motion

Term

Law of constent composition

Definition

 

 

a given compound always contains elements in exactly the same proportion by mass

Term

London dispersion forces

Definition

 

 

the relatively weak forces which exsit among noble gas atoms and non polar molecules, that involve an accidental dipole that includes a momentary dipole in a neighbour

Term

Lone pair

Definition

 

 

an electron that is localized on a given atom

(lewis structuer)

Term

Molarity

Definition

 

 

 

moles of solute per volume of solution in liters

Term

Molar mass

Definition

 

 

the mass in grams of one mole of a compound

Term

Natural law

Definition

 

 

a statement that expresses generally observed behaviour

Term

Neutron

Definition

 

 

a particle in the atomic nucleus with a mass approximately equal to that of a proton but has no charge

Term

 Nucleus

Definition

 

 

the small dense centre of a positive charge in an atom

Term

Polar covalent bond

Definition

 

 

a covalent bond in which the electrons are not shared equally because one atom attracts them more strongley than the other

Term

 

 

Polymer

Definition

 

 

a large, usually chain-like molecule built from many samll molecules (monomers)

Term

Proton

Definition

 

 

 

 positively charged particle in an atomic nucleus 

Term

Scientific method

Definition

 

 

a process of studying natural phenomena that involves making observations forming laws and theories, and testing theories by exerimentation

Term

Single bond

Definition

 

 

a bond in which two atoms share one pair of electrons

Term

 

 

Solution

Definition

 

 

 

a homogeneous mixture

Term

Theroy

(model)

Definition

 

 

a set of assumptions put forth to explain some aspect of the observed behaviour of matter

Term

Triple bonds

Definition

 

 

a bond in which two atoms share three pairs of electrons

Term

Observation

Definition

 

 

something that ccan be witness and recorded

Term

Hypothesis

Definition

 

 

agrees with the various observation

Term

Qualitative

Definition

 

 

involves no number

the chemistry book is heavy

Term

Quantitative

Definition

 

 

involves a number

the chemisrty book is 3kg

Term

Density

Definition

 

 

mass

volume

Term

Physical property

Definition

 

 

odur, colour,volume,state (solid,liquid and gas)

Term

 

Chemical property

Definition

 

 

a change in the overall apperance of a substance

eg wood burning leaving a reidue of ash

Term

 

Allotropes

Definition

 

 

 

different forms of a given element

Term

Ionic bonding

Definition

 

 

closley packes oppositely charged ions

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