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Chemistry400
Definitions/Ions/Charges
68
Chemistry
Undergraduate 2
02/24/2016

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Term
Element
Definition
Substance that cannot be
chemically broken down into simpler substances.
Term
Sulfate Ion
Definition
SO4, 2- Charge, Oxyanion
Term
Nitrate Ion
Definition
NO3, 1- Charge, Oxyanion
Term
Phosphate Ion
Definition
PO4 3- Charge, Oxyanion
Term
Calcium
Definition
Ca, 2+ Charge
Term
Sodium
Definition
Na, 1+ Charge
Term
Potassium
Definition
K, 1+ Charge
Term
Lithium
Definition
Li, 1+ Charge
Term
Rubidium
Definition
Rb, 1+ Charge
Term
Beryllium
Definition
Be, 2+ Charge
Term
Magnesium
Definition
Mg, 2+ Charge
Term
Strontium
Definition
Sr, 2+ Charge
Term
Barium
Definition
Ba, 2+ Charge
Term
Flourine
Definition
F, 1- Charge, Diatomic Gas
Term
Chlorine
Definition
Cl, 1- Charge, Diatomic Gas
Term
Bromine
Definition
Br, 1- Charge, Diatomic Gas
Term
Hydrogen
Definition
H, 1+ Charge, Diatomic
Term
Oxygen
Definition
O, 2- Charge, Diatomic
Term
Nitrogen
Definition
N, 3- Charge, Diatomic
Term
Phosphourus
Definition
P, 3- Charge,
Term
Sulfur
Definition
S, 2- Charge, Diatomic
Term
Bromine
Definition
Br, 1- Charge, Diatomic
Term
Iodine
Definition
I, 1- Charge, Diatomic
Term
Significant Figures
Multiplication and Division Rule
Definition
The result carries the
same number of significant figures as the factor with the fewest significant figures.
Term
Significant Figures
Adding and Subtracting Rule
Definition
The result carries the same number of decimal places as the quantity with the fewest decimal places.
Term
Accuracy
Definition
refers to how close the
measured value is to the actual value.
Term
Precision
Definition
refers to how close a series of measurements are to one another or how reproducible they are
Term
Chemical Formula
Definition
Formula with its elements and shows the number of each element
Term
Empirical Formula
Definition
Formula of a chemical with the lowest ratio of each element
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
Between Metal and Nonmetal
Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
Bond between two or more nonmetals, also called a Molecule
Term
Molecular Element
Definition
Molecule of a single type of atom
O=O or H-H
Term
Compound
Definition
Molecular or Ionic, H2O or NACL
Term
Atomic Elements
Definition
Exist in nature with single atom as their basic units
Term
Covalent Compound
Definition
Consists of two or more covalently bonded nonmetals, H2O CO2, PO3
Term
Ionic Compound
Definition
Composed of cation and anion bound together by Ionic bonds
NaCl, CaCl2, Al2O3
Term
Molecular Compound and how to name them
Definition
Made from two or more nonmetals that are covalently bonded
Name first element with number prefix, and name second element with prefix and end with "ide"
Term
Metal Ions and naming them
Definition
Monoatomic cations, and named simply by their name, followed by "ion"
Term
Nonmetal Ions and naming them
Definition
Normally form monoatomic anions
Name the element, and end it with "ide"
Term
Iron (FE) Oxidation states
Definition
+2 and +3 or II and III
Term
Lead (PB) Oxidation states
Definition
+2 and +4, II and IV
Term
Binary Acid and naming them
Definition
Compounds composed of H with another nonmetal
Hydro followed by the name of the element ending with "ic" and the word "acid"
Term
Acid
Definition
Substance that produces Hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water
Term
Oxyacid and names
Definition
Contain Oxygen in addition to Hydrogen and another nonmetal
Starting = ___ic
one O more = per__ic
one O less = ___ous
two O less = hypo__ous
Term
Oxyanions names
Definition
Contain oxygen with nonmetal, but without a hydrogen
Starting = ___ate
one O more = per__ate
one O less = ___ite
two O less = hypo___ite
Term
Polyprotic Acids
Definition
Acids that produce multiple protons (H+)
Term
Hydrate
Definition
written in the formula as H2O, with the prefix number
Term
Writing Ionic compounds containing a polyatomic ion
Definition
Write the unmodified name of the cation, then write the name of the ion, DO NOT USE PREFIXES
Term
Carbonate Ion
Definition
CO3 2- Charge, Oxyanion
Term
Sulfite Ion
Definition
SO3 2- Charge, Oxyanion
Term
Nitrite Ion
Definition
NO2 1- Charge, Oxyanion
Term
Hydroxide Ion
Definition
OH 1- Charge, Oxyanion
Term
Hydrogen Carbonate Ion
Definition
HCO3 1- Charge, Acid Anion
Term
Hydrogen Sulfide Ion
Definition
HS 1- Charge, Acid Anion
Term
Hydrogen Sulfate Ion
Definition
HSO4 1- Charge, Acid Anion
Term
Hydrogen Sulfite Ion
Definition
HSO3 1- Charge, Acid Anion
Term
Dihydrogen Phosphate Ion
Definition
H2PO4 1- Charge, Acid Anion
Term
Chromium(II) Ion
Definition
Cr 2+
Term
Manganese(II) Ion
Definition
Mn 2+
Term
Nickel(II) Ion
Definition
Ni 2+
Term
Copper(II) Ion
Definition
Cu 2+
Term
Zinc Ion
Definition
Zn 2+
Term
Cadmium Ion
Definition
Cd 2+
Term
Mercury(I) Ion
Definition
Hg_2 2+
Term
Mercury(II) Ion
Definition
Hg 2+
Term
Formula Mass/Molecular Mass
Definition
Sum of all individual masses making up the formula unit
Term
Molar Mass
Definition
The mass in grams of 1 mol of its molecules or formula units
Numerically equivalent to its formula mass with the unit being -gram per mole- rather than amu
Term
Mass percent of a formula's element
Definition
x (molar mass of element)
= -------------------------- X 100
(molar mass of formula)
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