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| study of the composition, structue, and properties of matter, the processes and accompanying energy changes matetr undergoes |
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| sturdy of most carbon-containing compounds |
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| study of non-organic substances |
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| study of properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy |
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| identification of components and composition of materials |
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| study of processes and substances occurring in living things |
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| use of math and computers to understand principles behind chemical behavior and to design/predict properties of new compounds |
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| used for the sake of gaining knowledge |
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| used for solving a specific problem |
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| two vital components of matter |
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| takes up space and has mass |
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| smallest unit of matter that maintains the chemical identity of that element |
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| a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances (made of one type of atom) |
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| a substance the can be broken into simpler, stable substances (made of 2+ elements that are chemically bonded) |
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| can be observed or measured without changing the substance |
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| does not involve a change in identity (burning, cutting, grinding, melting) |
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| relates to a substance's ability to change into a new substance |
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| chemical change (reaction) |
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| when 1+ substances are transformed into different substances |
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| blend of 2+ kinds of matter (each keeps individual properties) |
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| a mixture that has an overall uniform composition |
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| a mixture that is not uniform throughout composition |
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| has a fixed composition; every sample has the same composition and the same characteristics |
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| broad generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomena |
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| a measure of the gravitational pull on matter |
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| amount of space occupied by an object; measured in cubic meters; length x width x height |
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| ratio of mass to volume; measured in kilograms per cubic meters; mass/volume |
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| closeness of measurements to the correct/accepted value of the quantity measured |
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| closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in the same way |
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Definition
1.Zeroes between nonzeroes are sig.
2.Zeroes in front of all nonzeroes are not sig.
3.Zeroes at the end of a number and to the right of a decimal are sig.
4.If a zero at the end of a number and to the left of a decimal has not been measured/estimated (is a placeholder) is NOT. If there is a decimal after a zero, then YES. |
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Definition
| all matter is made of atoms; atoms of the same element are identical; atoms cannot be subdivided, created, destroyed; atoms of differeent elements combine in whole-number ratios; atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged in chem. reactions |
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| law of conservation of mass |
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Definition
| atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed |
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| law of definite proportions |
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Definition
| atoms of a given element are identical |
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| law of multiple proportions |
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| atoms of different elements combine in whole-number ratios to form compounds |
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| used to describe properties of orbitals and electrons in those orbitals |
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Definition
| orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any can be occupied by a second electron |
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| Pauli Exclusion Principle |
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Definition
| no two electrons in the same orbital can have the same set of quantum numbers |
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Definition
| and electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that will receive it |
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