Term
|
Definition
| studies matter—what it's made of, how it behaves, and how it interacts with other substances. It explores the properties and composition of different substances and how they transform during chemical reactions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| often called the "central science" because it connects and overlaps with other natural sciences like physics, biology, and environmental science. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are atoms, the building blocks of matter, and the interactions between them. These interactions form molecules and compounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of macroscopic and microscopic phenomena in chemical systems in terms of the principles, practices, and concepts of physics such as motion, energy, force, time, thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, analytical dynamics and chemical equilibria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It focuses on understanding the physical properties of chemicals and how they interact during chemical reactions. Think of it as the "bridge" between chemistry and physics—it combines ideas from both fields to explain why substances behave the way they do. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| For example, why does a chemical reaction release or absorb heat? This is a part of thermodynamics, which is a big topic in physical chemistry. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is about the speed of reactions. Physical chemists study how fast a chemical reaction happens and what factors—like temperature or concentration—affect that speed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Physical chemistry also looks at how atoms and molecules move. It studies things like how gases expand to fill a room or how liquids flow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Many chemical reactions don't just finish; they reach a point where the forward and reverse reactions happen at the same rate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| On a very tiny scale, physical chemistry uses principles from quantum mechanics to understand how atoms and electrons behave, helping us explain chemical bonding and reactions in detail. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of the chemistry of carbon compounds. Carbon is singled out because it has a chemical diversity unrivaled by any other chemical element. Why carbon? Because carbon is unique in its ability to form stable bonds with many elements, including itself, which makes it the backbone of most molecules in living organisms and many other substances. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The word organic refers to the compounds which contain carbon atoms in it. So, the branch of chemistry that deals with the study of compounds, which does not consist of carbon-hydrogen atoms in it, is called |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deals with the analysis of different substances. It involves the separation, identification, and the quantification of matter. It involves the use of classical methods along with modern methods involving the use of scientific instruments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of the chemical processes occurring in living matter. Also, it is the study of the chemical substances and processes that occur in plants, animals, and microorganisms and of the changes they undergo during development and life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Introduced a theory which states that all matter is made up, in differing proportions, of four elemental substances – earth, air, fire and water. (The Four Element Theory) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Love (which combines elements) and Strife (which separates them)—were responsible for the mixing and separating of these elements. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Greek philosopher who is best known for his theory of the atom—the idea that everything in the universe is made up of tiny, indivisible particles. Although his ideas were not widely accepted in his time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fundamental building blocks of everything in the universe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indestructible and eternal—they cannot be created or destroyed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| differ in shape, size, and arrangement, and these differences explain the properties of various substances (e.g., why some materials are solid, others liquid, or others gaseous). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exists between atoms, allowing them to move and interact with each other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most influential philosophers in Western history, and his ideas shaped many areas of knowledge, including science, philosophy, and ethics. While he is often regarded as the "Father of Western philosophy," |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| earth (cold and dry), air (hot and moist), fire (hot and dry), water (cold and moist) |
|
|
Term
| Phlogiston Theory(1667-1700 BC) |
|
Definition
| early and now outdated scientific theory that attempted to explain the process of combustion and other chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
| ANTON LAVOISIER (1743 – 1794) |
|
Definition
| “Father of Modern Chemistry,” Law of Conservation of Mass, discovery and naming of oxygen, naming and classification of chemical substances. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist, most famous for developing the Atomic Theory |
|
|
Term
| John Joseph Thomson (1856–1940) |
|
Definition
| British physicist who made pivotal contributions to the understanding of atomic structure. He is most famously known for discovering the electron |
|
|
Term
| Ernest Rutherford (1871–1937) |
|
Definition
| New Zealand-born physicist most influential scientists in the field of nuclear physics |
|
|
Term
| Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus (1911) |
|
Definition
| In a famous experiment in 1909, known as the gold foil experiment, Rutherford and his colleagues, Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden, bombarded a thin sheet of gold with alpha particles (helium nuclei). |
|
|
Term
| ROBERT ANDREWS MILLIKAN (1910) |
|
Definition
| American experimental physicist who is best known for his work in determining the charge of the electron and for his contributions to the understanding of the photoelectric effect. |
|
|
Term
| James Chadwick(1891–1974) |
|
Definition
| British physicist renowned for his discovery of the neutron, a fundamental particle that plays a crucial role in the structure of the atom. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To reduce the pain of different types. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To curb infection and cure diseases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To reduce tension and bring about calm and peace to patients suffering from mental diseases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To stop infection of the wounds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To kill the microorganism present in toilets, floor, and drains. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These are more attractive, comfortable and durable. These include terylene, nylon, and rayon. They are easy to wash, dry quickly and do not need ironing. Chemistry provides a large number of synthetic dyes which imparts bright and fast color to the clothes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| By supplying steel and cement, chemistry helps in the construction of safer homes and multi-storage buildings. It also helps in the construction of long-lasting and durable dams and bridges. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Metals like gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum, zinc and a large number of the alloys are used for making various objects. These include ornaments, utensils, coins, and many Industrial and agricultural implements. |
|
|
