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| the branch of science that deals with the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes which matter undergoes |
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| the branch of chemistry which deals with applying the theories of physics to the study of reactions and properties of matter |
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| the branch of chemistry which deals with studying carbon compounds |
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| the branch of chemistry which deals with studying non-carbon compounds |
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| the branch of chemistry which deals with the study of living organisms |
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| the branch of chemistry which deals with identifying which substances are present in materials and how much of each is present |
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| collection of compatible, related units that can be used to measure quantities such as length, mass, or volume |
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| system of measurement based on units of ten, officially known as SI |
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| metric prefix meaning "billionth" |
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| metric prefix meaning "millionth" |
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| metric prefix meaning "thousandth" |
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| metric prefix meaning "hundredth" |
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| metric prefix meaning "thousand" |
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| metric prefix meaning "million" |
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| measure of the quantity of matter in an object |
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| measure of the force of gravity upon an object |
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| mass per unit volume of a substance |
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| a unit of measuring temperature in which the freezing point of water is 0 degrees and the boiling point of water is 100 degrees |
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| the lowest possible temperature; the temperature at which molecules cease to vibrate; -273.15 C |
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| a unit of measuring temperature in which each unit kelvin is equal to one unit Celsius, but 0 K is the absolute zero |
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| the consistency or reproducability of an experiment |
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| the measure of how close a measurement is to the actual, exact value |
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| all digits that are certain in a measurement, as well as one uncertain digit |
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| a number which results from counting the number of something instead of measuring it |
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| anything which occupies space and has mass |
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| state of matter in which objects have a definite shape and volume |
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| state of matter in which objects have a definite volume but not a definite shape |
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| state of matter in which objects have neither a definite shape or volume |
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| the temperature at which a solid will change into a liquid |
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| the temperature at which a liquid may be evaporated |
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| a hot gas in which atoms are partially broken down to form ions |
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| a form of matter that has its own unique properties which make it different from every other substance |
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| smallest particle of an individual element |
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| substance which cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means |
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| group of 2+ atoms which are chemically combine |
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| a substance which can be decomposed by chemical means into simpler substances |
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| a grouping of symbols which tells what kinds of atoms compose a compound as well as the number of each kind of atom in one molecule of the compound |
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| a substance which has the same properties throughout and is of a definite composition |
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| substance containing 2+ elements or compounds which are physically, and not chemically, combined |
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| law of definite composition |
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| law, derived from John Dalton's theories, stating that the ratios of the masses of each element in a given compound are constant |
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| law of multiple proportions |
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| law, derived from Dalton's theories, which states that when two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed amount of the other element are in a ratio of small whole numbers |
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| the energy possessed by matter due to its motion |
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| a chemical change resulting from a collision between atoms or molecules |
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| the study of the flow of heat energy |
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| the law of conservation of mass-energy |
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| matter and energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only changed from one form to another (also known as the 1st law of thermodynamics) |
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| second law of thermodynamics |
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| any system left to itself will tend towards a condition of minimum potential energy and maximum entropy |
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| energy of an object due to its position |
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| the measure of the disorder of a system |
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| a chemical reaction in which the products have a lower energy content than the reactants |
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| a chemical reaction in which the products have a higher energy content than the reactants |
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| a form for conveniently expressing very large or small numbers |
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| matter which has the same composition throughout |
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| a mixture which is not the same throughout |
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| a homogeneous part of a system which is in contact with but physically distinct from other parts of the system |
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| the characteristics by which one type of matter my be described, identified, or distinguished from another |
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| properties which describe a substance's appearance |
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| properties which describe how matter reacts to change into other chemically different substances having different properties |
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| change in the physical appearance of matter but not in the identity/composition of a substance |
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| change in which a substance becomes a different substance with different composition/properties |
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| means by which homogeneous mixtures in liquid form may be separated |
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| a technique used to separate components of mixtures based on their differing solubilities or interactions with a stationary liquid or solid |
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| the subatomic, negatively charged particles which surround the nucleus of an atom |
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| the subatomic, positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom |
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| the subatomic, electrically neutral particles in the nucleus of an atom |
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| the small, dense, central part of an atom containing all the positive charge and virtually all of the atom's mass |
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| the planetary model of the atom |
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| a model for the atom consisting of a dense positively charged nucleus and mostly empty space occupied by the light electrons |
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| the negatively charged rays produced in a cathode ray tube or gas discharge tube, composed of a beam of electrons |
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| any of a class of particles of which neutrons and protons and certain other particles are thought to be composed |
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| the number of protons in an atom's nucleus |
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| the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus |
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| atoms of the same element that differ in their mass numbers |
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| an atom or molecule which has an overall negative or positive charge |
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| an atom or molecule which has an overall negative charge |
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| an atom or molecule which has an overall positive charge |
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| the standard by which the mass of an atom is measured, one unit of which being 1/12 of the mass of an atom of C-12 |
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| an instrument used to determine the isotopes present in an element, their abundances, and their masses |
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| a record of the distribution of particles in a sample according to mass |
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| quantitative relationships between substances involved in chemical changes |
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| symbolic representations which specify the elements present in a compound as well as the relative numbers of atoms of each element present |
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| chemical formula which states how many of each type of atom are found in a molecule of a substance |
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| chemical formula which states the ratio of the various types of atoms in a compound |
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| a pure substance made of only one kind of atom |
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| the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
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| the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus |
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| a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
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| a region of space around the nucleus where an electron is likely to be found |
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| A table that shows the elements, their atomic number, symbol, and average atomic mass; elements with similar chemical properties are grouped together. |
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| (biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera |
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| A method of showing the organization of the valence electrons in an atom |
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| solid, liquid, gas, plasma |
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| a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
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| Total mass of the protons and neutrons in an atom, measured in atomic mass units |
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| a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
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| negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus |
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| the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom |
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