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Definition
| a chemical substance that is formed from two or more elements, that bond in a fixed ratio. For example, water (H2O) is a compound that is composed of two hydrogen atoms for every oxygen atom. NH3, HCl, H2O2, SiO2, CH4, C2H2, and C2H4, are compounds. In contrast, O2 is not a compound because it is only made of one element. A compound is a pure substance. |
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| 2 or more atoms bond by sharing their outer electrons. Generally, covalent bonds are made between nonmetal atoms. The result of this bond is a molecule. Covalent means, "sharing outer electrons". The nucleus of an atom is never changed or altered after bonding. Covalent bonding allows atoms to complete their outer shells. |
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| stable subatomic particles that have a negative charge. They can be found in the shells of atoms outside the nucleus. A pair of electrons form a covalent bond between atoms. |
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| composed of one kind of atom. An element is a pure substance. An element cannot be broken down by physical or chemical means. 90 elements occur naturally on Earth. The other 19 or so are made in the lab. This means that in the universe, there are only 90 different types of atoms that make everything. C, H, O, N and P are the primary elements that make up living organisms. |
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| Mixture – is made up of visibly different substances or phases. Sand is a heterogeneous mixture. Heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform. There are pockets of one substance surrounded by pockets of different substances. A mixture of soil in water to make "mud" is heterogeneous. Likewise, a mixture of oil and water in salad dressing is heterogeneous. Beach sand is heterogeneous since you can see different colored particles. |
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| Mixture – appears uniform and consistent throughout. Solutions and colloids are homogeneous mixtures. A lemonade drink is a homogeneous mixture, known as a solution. So is air. Both brass and glass are homogeneous mixtures/solutions. |
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| a charged particle formed when an atom (or molecule) gains or loses one or more electrons. |
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| is a type of bonding in which ions are held together by the strong attraction of their opposite charges. The nucleus of an atom is never changed or altered after bonding. |
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| An isotope is an atom that has a different number of neutrons in its nucleus. Thus, an isotope has a different mass when compared to other atoms of the same element. |
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| a physical combination of 2 or more substances. Each substance maintains its own properties. The substances can be physically separated. |
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| Two or more atoms that bond by sharing their outer electrons. |
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| solid that comes out from a solution during a chemical reaction. |
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| is the separation of a solid from a solution during a chemical reaction. |
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Definition
| are stable subatomic particles that are found in the nucleus of all atoms. Protons have a positive charge and counteract the charge of electrons. The number of protons in the nucleus determines what the element is. For instance, atoms with one proton are the element hydrogen. Atoms with 8 protons are the element of Oxygen. |
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| are a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen. |
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| are elements found in column 8 of the periodic table. Each element in this family (Helium, Neon, Argon, etc…) has a complete outer ring of electrons. All of their electrons are paired up. This is why noble gasses do not interact with other atoms. |
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Definition
| any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon and hydrogen |
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The nucleus of is never changed or altered after a chemical reaction. For instance, 2H2O can be broken back down to 2H2 and O2.
Solute – this is the substance that gets dissolved. For example, lemonade drink mix is the solute that gets added to the water (solvent). |
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| this is the substance that gets dissolved. For example, lemonade drink mix is the solute that gets added to the water (solvent). |
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| the substance the does the dissolving. For example, water is the solvent when you mix in lemonade drink mix. |
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Definition
| a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together and uniformly dispersed, most commonly the result of dissolving a solid, fluid, or gas in a liquid. A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. Hydrogen Peroxide when mixed with water is a solution. Air is a solution. An example of a liquid solution is aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl in water). A solution may exist in any phase. An example of a solid solution is brass. Glass is another solid solution. |
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Definition
| particles smaller than an atom. Protons, neutrons and electrons are subatomic particles. In other words, they are particles that are smaller than the atom. |
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| a heterogeneous mixture of larger visible particles that will settle out over time. Muddy water is a suspension. |
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| Elements have been given a symbol. The symbol consists of one, two or three letters. If there is more than one letter for the symbol, only the first letter is capitalized. The symbols for some elements have been known since ancient times and are derived from their Latin names. Ex: Potassium (K) is Kalium in Latin. Sodium (Na) is Natrium in Latin. |
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| are electrons outside filled rings or shells. They are the outer electrons. |
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| A type of matter with a fixed composition. |
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| If all the atoms in a substance has the same identity it becomes {blank}. |
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| A substance in which the atoms of 2 or more elements are combined. |
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| Mixture in which different materials can easily be distinguished. |
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| Contains 2 or more gases, liquids, or solids substances blended evenly. |
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| Homogeneous mixture with particles so small that they cannot be seen with a microscope. |
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| Type of mixture with particles that are larger than those in solutions, but not heavy enough to settle out. |
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| Scattering of light by colloidal particles. |
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| Heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid where visible particles settle. |
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| Characteristic of a material you can observe without changing the identity. |
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| A change in size, shape, or state. |
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| A process for separating substances by evaporating a liquid and recondensing its vapor. |
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| Characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a chemical change. |
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| A change of one substance to another. |
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| Law of Conservation and Mass |
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Definition
| The mass of all substances that are present before a chemical change equals the mass of all the substances after the change. |
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| Explanation of how particles in matter behave. |
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| The point in temperature when the solid starts to liquefy. |
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| The energy required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point. |
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| The point in temperature when the liquid starts to boil. |
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| Amount of energy required for a liquid to become a gas. |
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| Spreading of particles throughout a given volume until they are distributed. |
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| Ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it. |
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| Force exerted per area. (Formula) |
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| The resistance to flow by a fluid. |
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| Used to measure pressure. |
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| Element composed of one type, the {blank}. |
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| Particles in a atom with a positive charge. |
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| Particles in a atom with no charge. |
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| Particles in a atom with a negative charge. |
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| Smaller particles in neutrons and protons. |
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Definition
| Area around a nucleus where electrons are mostly found. |
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Definition
| Number of protons in an atom is equal to a number called {blank}. |
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Definition
| This number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons. |
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Definition
| Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
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| Is the weighted average mass of its isotopes. |
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| A table filled with elements in order of atomic numbers, etc. |
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Definition
| The vertical columns in the periodic table. |
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Definition
| Uses the symbol of the element and dots to represent electrons. |
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| Horizontal rows of elements. |
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| Good conductors of heat and electricity. |
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| Positively charged metallic ions surrounded by a electron cloud. |
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Definition
| Between groups 1 and 2, and 13 and 18. |
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Definition
| Usually gasses or brittle solids at room temperature. |
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Definition
| Consists of 2 atoms of the same element in a covalent compound. |
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Definition
| The process of a solid going directly into a vapor. |
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Definition
| Has properties of both nonmetals and metals. |
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Definition
| Different forms of the same element |
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| Elements that conduct under circumstances. |
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Definition
| A formula that shows what elements are in a compound and what it will become. |
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| Force that holds atoms together in a compound. |
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Definition
| Force of attraction between opposite charges. |
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Definition
| Attraction formed when elements share electrons. |
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Definition
| A neutral molecule that forms as a result of electron sharing. |
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Definition
| Composed of two elements. |
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Definition
| Tells you how many electrons an atom has gained or lost. |
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Definition
| Positively or negatively charged, covalently bonded group. |
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Definition
| More than one substances turning into other substances. |
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| Substances that are made. |
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| Numbers in front of each substance in a equation. |
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Definition
| Substance reacts with oxygen to make heat and light. |
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Definition
| 2 or more substances that combine to make another. |
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Definition
| One substance breaks down, into 2 more. |
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Term
| Single Displacement Reaction |
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Definition
| One element replaces another to make a product. |
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| Double Displacement Reaction |
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Definition
| Two elements replace another to make a product. |
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Definition
| Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
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Definition
| A single kind of matter that is pure and has a specific set of properties. |
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Definition
| A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance. |
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Definition
| A characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances. |
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Definition
| A pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means. |
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Definition
| The basic particle from which all elements are made. |
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Definition
| A force of attraction between two atoms. |
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Definition
| Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. |
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Definition
| A pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio. |
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Definition
| Shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of atoms. |
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Definition
| Made of two or more substances that are together in the same place but are not chemically combined. |
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Definition
| A mixture in which pure substances are unevenly distributed throughout the mixture. |
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Definition
| A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture. |
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Definition
| An example of a homogeneous mixture. |
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Definition
| A change in a substance that does not change its identity. |
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Definition
| A change in matter that produces one or more new substances. |
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| Law of Conservation of Matter |
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Definition
| The fact that matter is not created or destroyed in any chemical or physical change. |
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Definition
| The ability to do work or cause change. |
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Definition
| A measure of the averate energy of random motion of particles of matter. |
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| The total energy of all of the particles in an object. |
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Definition
| The total energy of all of the particles in an object. |
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Definition
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Definition
| The energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms. |
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Definition
| A form of energy that travels through space as waves. |
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Definition
| The energy of electrically charged particles moving from one place to another. |
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| A metal strip that conducts electricity. |
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| Has a definite shape and a definite volume. |
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| Solids that are made up of crystals. |
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