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Chemistry
Chemistry Test Study
38
Biology
10th Grade
10/23/2017

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Term
How many quantum numbers are used to describe the properties of electrons in atomic orbitals?
Definition
4
Term
A spherical electron cloud surrounding an atomic nucleus would best represent.....
Definition
an s orbital.
Term
How many electrons can an energy level of n=4 hold?
Definition
32
Term
How many electrons can an energy level of n=2 hold?
Definition
8
Term
Compared with an electron for which n=2, an electron for which n=4 has more......
Definition
wave nature
Term
What is Hund's Rule?
Definition
Every orbital in a sublevel is singly occupied before any orbital is doubly occupied.
Term
What is the Pauli exclusion?
Definition
no two electrons can have the same four electronic quantum numbers.
Term
In the modern periodic table, elements are ordered...
Definition
according to increasing atomic number.
Term
Mendeleev noticed that certain similarities in the chemical properties of elements appeared at regular intervals when the elements were arranged in order of increasing..........
Definition
atomic mass.
Term
The modern periodic law states that....
Definition
the physical and chemical properties of an element are functions of its atomic number.
Term
The discovery of the noble gases changed Mendeleevs periodic table by adding a new...
Definition
group.
Term
The most distinctive property of the noble gases is that they are......
Definition
largely unreactive.
Term
Lithium, the first element in Group 1, has an atomic number of 3. The second element in this group has an atomic number of....
Definition
11
Term

An isotope of fluorine has a mass number of 19 and an atomic number of 9.

a.How many protons are in this atom?

b.How many neutrons are in this atoms?

c.What is symbol of this atom,and mass number?

Definition

a. 9

b. 10

c. F-19

Term

Samarium, Sm is a member of the lanthanide series.

a. Identify the element just below samarium in the periodic table.

b. By how many units do the atomic numbers of these two elements differ?

Definition

a. plutonium, Pu

b. 32

Term

A certain isotope contains 53 protons, 78 neutrons, and 54 electrons.

a. What is its atomic number?

b. What is the mass number of this atom?

c. What is the name of this element?

Definition

a. 53

b. 131

c. iodine

Term
In a modern periodic table, every element is a member of both a horizontal row and a vertical column. Which one is the group, and which one is the period?
Definition
A period is a horizontal, and a group is vertical.
Term
Explain the distinction between atomic mass and atomic number of an element.
Definition
The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom. The atomic mass is a weighted average of the masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of that element.
Term

Give the group numbers that make up each of the following blocks:

a. block

b. block

c. d block

Definition

a. 1-2

b. 13-18

c. 3-12

Term
When an electron is added to a neutral atom, energy is..
Definition
either absorbed or released.
Term
The energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom is the atom's....
Definition
neither absorbed nor released.
Term

From left to right across a period on the periodic table,

a. electron affinity values tend to become more (negative or positive)

b. ionization energy values tend to (increase or decrease)

c. atomic radii tend to become (larger or smaller)

 

Definition

a. negative

b. increase

c. smaller

Term
Name the halogen with the least-negative electron affinity.
Definition
At, Astatine
Term
Name the alkali metal with the highest ionization energy.
Definition
Li, Lithium
Term
Name the element in period 3 with the smallest atomic radius.
Definition
Ar, Argon
Term
Name the group 14 element with the largest electronegativity.
Definition
C, Carbon
Term
Compare the radius of a positive ion to the radius of its neutral atom.
Definition
The radius of a positive ion is smaller than the radius of its corresponding neutral atom.
Term
Compare the radius of a negative ion to the radius of its neutral atom.
Definition
The radius of a negative ion is larger than the radius of the corresponding neutral atom.
Term
Where are metals, and nonmetals on the periodic table?
Definition
Metals are found on the left side of the periodic table, mostly in the s,d, and f blocks. Nonmetals are on the right side of the periodic table, found in all of the p block (except for hydrogen)
Term
Explain why the second ionization energy is higher than the first, the third is higher than the second, and so on.
Definition
As electrons are removed in successive ionizations, fewer electrons remain within the atom to shield the attractive force of the nucleus. each electron removed from an ion experiences a stronger effective nuclear pull than the electron removed before it.
Term
Explain the role of valence electrons in the formation of chemical compounds.
Definition
Valence electrons most subject to the influence of nearby atoms or ions. They are the electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds.
Term
In which block are metalloids found?
Definition
p
Term
In which block are the hardest, most densest metals found?
Definition
d
Term
Name the most chemically active halogen.
Definition
Flourine
Term
Which has a larger radius Al or In?
Definition
In
Term
Which class has greater ionization energies, metals or nonmetals?
Definition
nonmetals
Term
An elements with a large negative electron affinity is most likely to form a ...
Definition
negative ion
Term
Which has a stronger electron attraction, a large atom or small atom?
Definition
small atom
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