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Chemistry
Chapter 4
23
Chemistry
10th Grade
10/23/2006

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Term
Heinsberg uncertainty principle
Definition
you cannot exactly know the position of an electron at any time
Term
What did DeBroglie discover?
Definition
electrons travel as waves around the nucleus
Term
What did De Broglie suggest about electrons?
Definition
they have a motion confined to the space around the nucleus
Term
What did Schrodinger discover/
Definition
the quantum model theory and the probability model
Term
quantum theory
Definition
describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles
Term
what is an orbital?
Definition
a 3-D region around the nucleus where an electron resides, idicates the probable location of an electron
Term
what are quantum numbers?
Definition
they specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electrons in orbitals, they are the "address" of an electron
Term
what is the principle quantum number?
Definition
it indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron, the 1st number in the "address", n=# of the energy level (1= 1st energy level, etc.)
Term
what is the angular momentum quantum number? (azimuthal)
Definition
it indicates the shape of the orbital, tells the sublevel, l=0 for an s sublevel, (p) l=1, (d) l=2, (f) l=3
Term
what is the magnetic quantum number?
Definition
indicates the orientation of an orbital around the nucleus, tells the orbital
Term
what is the spin quantum number?
Definition
indicates the two fundamental spin states of an electron in an orbital, two possible values (+1/2 or -1/2), the way the electron spins in an orbital
Term
what is the Aufbau principle?
Definition
states that an electron occupies the lowest energy level orbital that it can recieve
Term
what is the Pauli exclusion principle?
Definition
states that no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers
Term
what is Hund's rule?
Definition
states that when filling a sublevel, each orbital must have one electron before you double up
Term
what is an electron configuration?
Definition
putting the electrons in orbitals, levels, and sublevels
Term
how do you write electron configurations?
Definition
fill lower energy levels before higher energy levels with as many electrons as you have
Term
what is an orbital diagram?
Definition
a picture of energy levels, sublevels, and orbitals using arrows for electrons
Term
how do you do electron configurations for ions?
Definition
add or subtract the number of electrons in the charge from the atomic number of the element
Term
what is an anion?
Definition
a negative ion formed by adding electrons
Term
what is a cation?
Definition
a positive ion formed by subtracting electrons
Term
what is the highest occupied level?
Definition
the electron-containing main energy level with the highest principle quantum number
Term
what are inner-shell electrons?
Definition
electrons that are not in the highest occupied energy level
Term
what is noble-gas configuration?
Definition
an outer main energy level fully occupied, in most cases, by 8 electrons
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