Term
| Acid Base (neutralization reaction) |
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Definition
Based on the gain or loss of hydrogen ions from one reactant (acid) to another reactant (base) to produce water and a salt in solution; type of double replacement reaction
Basic form: HA + BOH -->BA + H20 |
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Definition
A certain substance (hydrocarbon or inorganic) reacting with oxygen to produce new products and release of energy, type of reduction-oxdidation reaction
Basic formula:
(CxHy) + O2(g)-->CO2(g) + H2O(g) |
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Definition
| describe the sum of the relative masses of all the atoms in a molecular (covalent -bonded compunds) |
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| the number of particles in 1 mol; equals 6.0223 X 1023 mol |
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| the mass in grams of 1 mol of a substance |
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| the s1 base unit that describes the amount of a substance |
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| special type dipole-dipole (stronger than regular); between hydrogen and "highly electronegative elements" (usually F,N,O) larger molecule= high boiling point |
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| occurs between nonpolar molecules, size of molecule and strength of force are directionally portional (larger molecule = higher boiling point) |
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| resistance of liquid to increase increase its surface area; large intermolecular forces=high surface tension |
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| ability of molecules to enter vapor stage |
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| point where the liquid and solid have identical vapor pressures |
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| process by which molecules of a solid becomes gaseous without passing through the liquid state |
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| a reaction in which an insoluble substance forms and seperates from the solution |
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Definition
| occurs between polar molecules; (+) end of 1 molecule is attracted to the (-) end of another molecule; 1-2% of the strength of an ionic bond, larger molecule=higher boiling point |
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Definition
| temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the normal atomspheric pressure |
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Definition
the state of an amount of gass is determined by its pressure, volume and temperature.
thus PV=nRtp=pressure
v=volume
n=#of moles
r=is the gas constant
t=temperature in kelvins |
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Definition
| if 2 liquids dissolve in each others in all proportions |
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| when 2 liquids are insoluble in one another |
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Definition
| the number of moles of a solute dissolved in one liter of solution |
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| contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature |
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Definition
| a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution at a given temperature and pressure |
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Definition
| contains the maximum amount of solute for a given quanity of solvent at a constant temperature and pressure |
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| water that contains dissolved substances |
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| dissolved particles in a solution |
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Definition
| the process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules |
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| the dissolving medium in a solution |
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| standard temperature and pressure (stp) |
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Definition
| means a temperature of 0 degrees celsius and a pressure of 101.3kPA or 1 atomoshpere (atm) |
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Term
| balanced chemical equation |
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Definition
| a chemical equation in which mass is conserved; each side of the equation has the same number of atoms of each element |
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Term
| combination (synthesis) reaction |
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Definition
| a chemical change in which 2 or more substances react to form a single new substance; also called a synthesis reaction |
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Definition
| a chemical change in which a single compound is broken into 2 or more simplier products |
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| single replacement reaction |
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Definition
| a chemical change in which a single compound is broken down into two or more simplier products |
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Definition
| a substance present at the start of a reaction |
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Definition
| a substance produced in a chemical equation |
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Definition
| an equation for a reaction in solution showing only those particles that are directly involved in a chemical change |
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Definition
| results from the collisions of atoms and molecules in air with objects |
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| the conversion of a liquid to a gas on the surface of a none boiling point |
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| the energy an object has because of its motion |
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| all matter consists of tiny particles that are in constant motion. The particles in a gasare usually molecules or atoms. applies to fundamental assumptions about gases |
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| absorbs heat from its surroundings |
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| releases heat from its surroundings |
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| if 2 liquids dissolve in each other in all proportions |
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| calculations of quanties of products and reactants based on a balanced chemical equation |
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| an equation written with all soluble strong electrolytes shown as ions |
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| the designated amount of solute dissolved in a given quanity of solvent or quantity of solution |
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| conveys the idea of a force, a push that tends to ove something in a given direction. P is a force that acts on a given area (P=F/A) |
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