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Chemistry Test 2-26-09
Kinetic theory and key terms.
36
Chemistry
10th Grade
02/15/2009

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Term
kinetic energy
Definition
the energy an object has because of its motion
Term
kinetic theory (term)
Definition
states that the tiny particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion
Term
gas pressure
Definition
the force exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object
Term
vacuum
Definition
an empty space with no particles or pressure
Term
atmospheric pressure
Definition
results from the collisions of air molecules with objects
Term
barometers
Definition
devices commonly used to measure atmospheric pressure
Term
pascal (Pa)
Definition
the SI unit of pressure
Term
standard atmosphere (atm)
Definition
the pressure required to support 760mm of mercury in a mercury barometer at 25 C
Term
vaporization
Definition
the conversion of a liquid to a gas or vapor
Term
evaporation
Definition
vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling
Term
vapor pressure
Definition
force due to the gas above the liquid
Term
boiling point
Definition
the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the external pressure
Term
normal boiling point
Definition
the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 101.3 kPa
Term
phase diagram
Definition
gives the conditions of temperature and pressure at which a substance exists as a solid, liquid, and gas
Term
triple point
Definition
describes the only set of conditions at which all three phases can exist in equilibrium with one another
Term
sublimation
Definition
change of a substance from a solid to a vapor without passing through a liquid state
Term
thermochemistry
Definition
concerned with the heat changes that occur during chemical reactions
Term
energy
Definition
the capacity for doing work or supplying heat
Term
chemical potential energy
Definition
energy stored within the structural units of chemical substances
Term
heat
Definition
energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference between them
Term
system
Definition
the part of the universe on which you focus your attention
Term
surroundings
Definition
everything else in the universe
Term
universe
Definition
the system and its surroundings together
Term
law of conservation of energy
Definition
states that in any physical or chemical process, energy is neither created nor destroyed
Term
endothermic process
Definition
process that absorbs heat from the surroundings
Term
exothermic process
Definition
process that releases heat to its surroundings
Term
calorie
Definition
the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of pure water 1 C
Term
joule
Definition
the SI unit of heat and energy
Term
heat capacity
Definition
the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of an object exactly 1 C
Term
specific heat capacity (specific heat)
Definition
the amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance 1 C
Term
Kinetic Theory (3 parts)
Definition
1. No attractive or repulsive forces exist between the particles.
2. The particles of a gas move rapidly in constant random motion (random walk).
3. All collisions are perfectly elastic (total kinetic energy remains constant).
Term
STP
Definition
0 C and 101.3 kPa
Term
0C=
Definition
273K
Term
state of matter closest to kinetic theory
Definition
gases
Term
C=
Definition
J/(g x deltat)
Term
water specific heat
Definition
4.18 J
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