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Chemistry Comp
2013
114
Chemistry
Not Applicable
12/15/2012

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Term
Atom
Definition
The smallest particle of life. Something cannot be broken down anymore from this point.
Term
Element
Definition
One specific type of atom. Listed on periodic table.
Term
Mixture
Definition
When two or more different atoms are combined but can still be separated.
Term
Compound
Definition
When two or more different atoms are combined but can only be broken down with chemical reactions.
Term
Ionic Compound
Definition
When atoms are held together by lost or gained electrons.
Term
Covalent Compound
Definition
When atoms are held together by shared electrons.
Term
Homogeneous Mixture
Definition
When the percent composition of each object in the mixture is the same.
Term
Heterogeneous Mixture
Definition
When the percent composition of each object in the mixture is different.
Term
Proton
Definition
Plus one charge. Subatomic particle. Located in the nucleus. Relative mass of one.
Term
Neutron
Definition
No charge. Subatomic particle. Located in the nucleus. Relative mass of one. Can be lost or gained to form isotopes.
Term
Electron
Definition
Minus one charge. Subatomic particle. Located in the electron cloud. Relative mass of zero. Can be gained or lost to form ions. Discovered in Milikan's Oil Drop experiment.
Term
Chemical Change
Definition
When the chemical composition of an object is changes through a chemical reaction. (Ex: burning a log)
Term
Chemical Property
Definition
Having to do with the chemical composition of objects.
Term
Physical Change
Definition
When the chemical composition of an object remains the same but the object may look different. (Ex: shredding paper)
Term
Physical Property
Definition
Having to do with the appearance of objects.
Term
Volume
Definition
How much space something has inside.
Term
Mass
Definition
How much matter an object has.
Term
Isotopes
Definition
When the number of neutrons has changed. results in a different mass number.
Term
Ions
Definition
When electrons are gained or lost. Either anion or cation. Have charge.
Term
Mole
Definition
Unit for amount of substance. Count of the total number of particles in an atom.
Term
Cation
Definition
When electrons are lost. Positive.
Term
Anion
Definition
When electrons are gained. Negative.
Term
Robert Milikan
Definition
Conducted Oil Drop experiment. Found the size of the electron's mass and charge.
Term
J.J. Thomson
Definition
Conducted Cathode Ray Tube experiment. Plum Pudding model. Found that subatomic particles exist and mass to charge ratio of electrons.
Term
Dmitri Mendeleev
Definition
Created earliest periodic table. Ordered elements by atomic mass.
Term
John Dalton
Definition
Inspired by Democritus. Came up with atomic theory similar to today's.
Term
Aristotle
Definition
Well known Greek philosopher of the time. Believed the earth was composed of four elements: Earth, Fire, Water, Wind. He disagreed with Democritus. Everyone agreed with him.
Term
Democritus
Definition
Greek philosopher who first came up with the concept of an atom. No one believed him.
Term
Solid
Definition
Organized particles, definite shape and volume.
Term
Liquid
Definition
Unorganized particles, indefinite shape but definite volume.
Term
Gas
Definition
Unorganized particles, indefinite shape and volume.
Term
Plasma
Definition
Very fast and random particles, so much energy that electrons are liberated.
Term
Avagadro's Number
Definition
6.022x1022
Term
AMU
Definition
Atomic Mass Unit
Term
When balancing, add...
Definition
Coeffecients
Term
When balancing, DON'T TOUCH...
Definition
Subsripts
Term
Conservation of Mass
Definition
Mass can't be created or destoyed.
Term
Why are equations balanced?
Definition
To find an accurate and pricise measurement, along with correct atom counts.
Term
Reactants
Definition
Left side
Term
Products
Definition
Right Side
Term
Arrow
Definition
Act as an equal sign in chemical reactions.
Term
Density
Definition
D=M/V
Term
Endothermic Reaction
Definition
When heat is released internally in a reaction.
Term
Exothermic Reaction
Definition
When heat is released externally in a reaction.
Term
Luminous Intensity
Definition
Candelas
Term
Electric Current
Definition
Amperes
Term
Mass
Definition
Kilograms
Term
Liquid
Definition
Liters
Term
Time
Definition
Seconds
Term
Temperature
Definition
Kelvins
Term
Amount of Substance
Definition
Moles
Term
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Definition
One cannot know the speed and location of an electron at the same time.
Term
Valence Level
Definition
Highest energy level of atoms. This is where electrons are gained or lost.
Term
Monoatomic Ion
Definition
An ion with only one element.
Term
Polyatomic Ion
Definition
An ion with two or more elements.
Term
Plum Pudding Model
Definition
J.J. Thompson's model of the atom. The electrons represent the plum pieces. Looks like a chocolate chip cookie if you don't know what plum pudding is.
Term
Quantum Model
Definition
The most recent and current model of the atom.
Term
Solar System Model
Definition
Bohr's model of the atom. Only valid with Hydrogen.
Term
Electron Spin
Definition
When an electron spins in the opposite direction than that of the electron which it shares the orbital with.
Term
Octet
Definition
Meaning eight electrons. When an atom has all orbitals filled completely.
Term
MINOH
Definition
The recommended order of balancing equations. Metals, Polyatomic ions, Non-metals, Oxygen, Hydrogen
Term
Noble Gas Exception
Definition
Noble gases are extremely stable and do not react.
Term
Noble Gas Notation
Definition
When you only list the electron configuration of an element after its preceding Noble Gas.
Term
Bunsen Burner
Definition
Used for a flame in labs.
Term
Parts of a Bunsen Burner
Definition
Barrel, Air ports, Gas inlet, Base, Needle Valve
Term
Matter
Definition
Anything which takes up space.
Term
Recommended flame to use in labs
Definition
Noisy, blue, stable, cone-shaped flame.
Term
Ernest Rutherford
Definition
Conducted Gold Foil experiment. Found the nucleus and that atoms are mostly empty space.
Term
Lewis Dot Symbols
Definition
When you write the element symbol and draw dots around it symbolizing how many valence electrons it shares.
Term
Atomic Radius
Definition
How close the electrons are pulled to the nucleus.
Term
Oil Drop Experiment
Definition
Oil was dropped and then charged in the middle of its fall. Found the size of the mass and charge of the electron. Done by Millikan.
Term
Cathode Ray Tube Experiment
Definition
Electrons were passed through a tube and then placed against a negative charge. Found out about subatomic particles and mass to charge ratio of electrons. Done by Thompson.
Term
Gold Foil Experiment
Definition
Radioactive alfa-particles were shot into a piece of gold. Found that atoms were mostly empty space and that nuclei exist. Done by Rutherford.
Term
Chemistry
Definition
The study of matter and the changes it undergoes.
Term
Freezing
Definition
Liquid to solid.
Term
Melting
Definition
Solid to liquid.
Term
Evaporation
Definition
Liquid to gas.
Term
Sublimation
Definition
Solid to gas.
Term
Deposition
Definition
Gas to solid.
Term
Condensation
Definition
Gas to liquid
Term
Ionization
Definition
Gas to plasma.
Term
Deionization
Definition
Plasma to gas.
Term
Orbit
Definition
The path electrons travel.
Term
Orbital
Definition
A mathematical representation of the space electrons take up.
Term
Electronegativity
Definition
An electron's ability to attract other electrons.
Term
Molar Mass
Definition
Mass per mole.
Term
Percent Composition
Definition
Finding out the percentages that each compound has of each element.
Term
Ionization Energy
Definition
The energy required to form ions.
Term
Isoelectronic
Definition
2 species with the same electron configuration.
Term
Molecular Formula
Definition
The number of atoms of each element.
Term
Empirical Formula
Definition
Ratio of the atoms of each element.
Term
Electron Configuration
Definition
A method of showing how many electrons an element has by means of orbitals.
Term
S
Definition
2
Term
P
Definition
6
Term
D
Definition
10
Term
F
Definition
14
Term
Lewis Structure
Definition
A drawing which shows the sharing of electrons between elements in a covalent compound.
Term
Mole
Definition
The number of atoms of each element present in a molecule.
Term
Boyle's Law
Definition
k=PV
Term
Charles' Law
Definition
k=v/t
Term
Gay-Lussac Law
Definition
k=p/t
Term
Ideal Gas Law
Definition
PV=nRT
Term
Combined Gas Law
Definition
PV=kT
Term
R
Definition
.082 L*atm/mol*k
Term
Percent Yield
Definition
The percent of the calculated yield versus the actually obtained amount.
Term
Limiting Reactant
Definition
The reactant that determines how much of a product can be formed.
Term
Acid
Definition
A substance that has to do with hydrogen ions.
Term
Base
Definition
A substance that has to do with hydroxide ions.
Term
pH
Definition
Power of Hydrogen or the strength of an acid or base.
Term
Salt
Definition
A neutral precipitate formed.
Term
Neutralization Reaction
Definition
A reaction in which an acid and a base cancel each other out.
Term
Redox Reaction
Definition
A reaction in which electrons are transferred among elements.
Term
Precipitate Reaction
Definition
A reaction in which a solid precipitate is formed.
Term
Precipitate
Definition
An insoluble solid at the bottom of water.
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