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| how close a measurement is to the actual value |
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| the smallest particleof an element that retains the characteristics of the element |
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| the temperature at which a liquid is changed into a gas; the vapor pressure of liquid and gas are equal at this temperature |
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| the branch of science that deals with the study of the composition, structure and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes |
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| a substance which can be broken down by chemical means into simpler substances |
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| the mass per unit volume of a substance |
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| a substance which cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means |
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| a reaction in which the products have a higher heat energy content than the reactants |
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| a quantity described as the randomness of a substance or system |
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| numbers that result from counting or definitions and do not limit the number of significant figures in an answer |
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| a reactiopn in which the products have a lower heat energy content than the reactants |
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Definition
| a grouping of elemental symbols which tells not only what types of atoms compose the compound but also the number of each type of atom in one molecule of the compound |
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| a state of matter characterized by particles that are far apart compared to their sizes and which are able to move about quite freely; a gas is compressible and has no definite volume or shape |
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| the energy possessed by matter due to its motion |
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| law of conservation of energy |
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Definition
| energy is neither created nor destroyed in chemical or physical processes |
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| law of conservation of mass-energy |
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Definition
| matter and energy can neither be created nor destroyed only changed from one form to another; the first law of thermodynamics |
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| law of definite composition |
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Definition
| the ratios of the masses of each element in a given compound are always the same |
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| law of multiple proportions |
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Definition
| when two elements can combine to form more tha one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed amount of the other element are in a ratio of small whole numbers |
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| a state of matter characterized by particles that are close together but are able to move about; a liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape |
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| a measure of the quantity of matter in an object |
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| the materials that compose the physical univers; anything that occupies space and has mass |
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| the temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid; the vapor pressures of solid and liquid are equal at the temperature |
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| two or more elements ore compounds that are physically mixed but not chemically combined |
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| a group of two or more atoms that are linked together by chemical bonds; the smallest particle that characterizes a compound |
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| a fourth state of matter, in which matter is partially borken down into electrons and ions |
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| the reproducibility or repeatability of a measurement |
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| a form for conveniently expressing very large or very small numbers in the form MX10x; where M is a number between 1 and 10 and x is an integer |
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Term
| second law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
| the principle that every system left to itself will tend toward a condition of maximum entropy or disorder |
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Definition
| a method used by scientists to more clearly represent the certainty or uncertainty of a measurement by limiting th enumber of figures in an answer; by convention, all the certain digits along with one uncertain digit are considered significant |
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| a state of matter characterized by particles that are close together, held in fairly rigid positions about which they vibrate; a solid has definite volume and shape |
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Definition
| a class of matter that is homogeneous, of definite composition, and has its own unique properties which make it different from every other substance; a substance may be either an element or a ocmpound |
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| a measure of the force of gravity upon an object |
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