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Definition
| Basic unit of matter, means "unable to cut" in Greek, made up of protons, neutrons, electrons |
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Definition
| Found at the center of the atom, consists of protons and neutrons |
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Define Electron
How is it charged? (+ or -) |
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Definition
| Negatively charged particle (-), smaller mass than a proton, in constant motion around nucleus |
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Definition
A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom, represented by one or two letter symbols
Examples: C, H, Na |
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Define atomic number
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Definition
| The number of protons in an atom of an element |
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Definition
| atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain |
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Definition
| sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
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Definition
| substance formed by chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions |
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Define Ionic Bonds
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Definition
| formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
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Definition
| positively/negatively charged atoms |
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Define Covalent Bond
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Definition
| forms when electrons are shared between atoms, these moving electrons actually travel in orbitals of both atoms |
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Definition
| the structure that results when atoms are joined together by covalent bonds |
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Define van der Waals forces
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Definition
| when molecules are close together, a slight attraction can develop between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules |
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Define Polar Molecule
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Definition
| a molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed |
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Define Hydrogen Bonds
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Definition
-type of attractive intermolecular force that exists between two partial electric charges of opposite polarity
-not as strong as covalent or ionic bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| an attraction between the molecules of the same substance |
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Term
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Definition
| an attraction between molecules of different substances |
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Term
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Definition
| a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixeds together but not chemically combined |
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Definition
| homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dispersed molecularly in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent). |
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Definition
substance that is dissolved into solution
example: Salt in salt water |
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Definition
substance in which the solute dissolves
example: Water in salt water solution |
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Definition
| materials that do no dissolve when placed in water but separate into pieces so small that they do not settle out |
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Definition
indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution, ranges from 0-14
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Term
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Definition
| any compound that forms H+ ions in solution, contain higher concentrations of H+ ions than pure water and have pH values below 7 |
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Term
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Definition
| a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH- ions) in solution, contain lower concentrations of H+ ions than pure water and have pH values above 7 |
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Term
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Definition
| weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH |
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Definition
"giant molecules," made from thousands or even hundres of thousands of smaller molecules formed under a process known as polymerization
Monomers-->polymers |
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Define Carbohyrdates
What is their main function?
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Definition
compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, usually in a ratio of 1:2:1
Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy! |
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Term
| What do carbohydrates break down into? |
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Definition
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Define Lipids
What is their main function? |
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Definition
generally not soluble in water, made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms
fats, oils, and waxes are common categories
used to store energy
often important parts of biological membranes |
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Term
| What do lipids break down into? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fatty acids contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| if there is at least one carbon-carbon double bond in a fatty acid |
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Term
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Definition
contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information (DNA/RNA) |
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| What do nucleic acids break down into? |
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Definition
| Nucleotides which consist of 3 parts: 5 carbon sugan, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
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Define Protein
What is their main function? |
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Definition
macromolecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Some proteins control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes. Some are used to form bones and muscles. Others transport substances into or out of cells or help to fight disease.
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Term
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Definition
| a process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another |
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Definition
| elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
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| Define products in terms of chemical reactions |
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Definition
| elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction |
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Definition
| Energy that is needed to get a reaction started |
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Definition
| proteins that act as biological catalysts |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction, they work by lowering a reaction's activation energy |
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| Describe the properties of water |
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Definition
-Polar (uneven distribution of electrons)
-liquid at most temperatures on earth
-water expands as it freezes
-ice is less dense than liquid water (why ice floats)
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