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| dependent upon the amount of substance present |
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| independent upon the amount of substance present |
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commonly referred to as a chemical reaction.
-explode, rust, oxidize, corrode, tarnish, burn, ferment, rot |
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| law of conservation of mass |
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| states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction-it is conserved |
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| one that does not blend smoothly throughout and which the individual substances remain distinct |
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| has constant composition throughout; it always has a single phase. ALSO REFERRED TO AS SOLUTIONS |
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| technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid |
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a separation technique that is based on differences in the boiling points of the substances involved
-mixture is heated until the substance with the lowest boiling point boils into a vapor that can then be condensed into a liquid and collected |
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| a separation technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance |
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| technique that separates the components of a mixture (called the mobile phase) on the basis of the tendency of eac to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material (called the stationary phase) |
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| law of definite proportions |
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| states that regardless of the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proprtion by mass |
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| law of multiple proportions |
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| states that when different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same relative mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers |
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| describes color, odor, shape, physical character |
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| supported by many, many experiments |
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| seeks to gain knowledge for the sake of knowledge |
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| research undertaken to solve a specific problem |
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| practical use of scientific information |
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force that holds 2 atoms together.
-attraction between positive and negative |
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| electrostatic force that holds opposite charged particles together in an ionic compound |
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| ionic compound where aqueous solution conducts an electric current |
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energy required to separate one mole of ions of an ionic compound
- the more negative, the stronger the force of attraction |
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| simplest ratio of ions represented in an ionic compound |
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| charge of a monatomic ion |
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| polyatomic ion composed of an element, usually a nonmetal, bonded to one or more oxygen atoms |
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| salts, crystalline compounds with high melting points that are formed by ionic bonds |
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molecular compounds, have appearance of ionic compounds.
- contains hydrogen and releases hydrogen as an ion very easily in aqueous solutions |
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low = covalent
high = ionic
medium = polar |
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Electronegativity:
low = ?
high = ?
medium = ? |
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| formula with the smallest whole number mole ratio of the elements |
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| specifies actual number of atoms of each element in 1 molecule or formula unit of substance |
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| compound that has a specific number of water molecules bound to its atoms |
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| describes the behavior of gases in terms of particles in motion |
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