| Term 
 
        | Energy value of a quantum |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Angular momentum of an electron |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Electromagnetic energy of a photon of light |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Electromagnetic energy of a photon of light, combining Bohr's and Planck's |  | Definition 
 
        | E = hc/λ = -RH ( 1/n2i - 1/n2f) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Quantum difference between the energies of two shells as an electron moves further away from the nucleus |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | FC = V - Nnonbonding - (1/2)Nbonding   where V = valence e- |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | mol = weight of sample (g)/Molar weight (g/mol) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | Equivalents = mass of compound(g)/Gram                     equivalent weights (g) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | Molarity = Normality/n   where n = number of ions produced or consumed per mole of compound in the rxn |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | % comp = (mass of X in formula/formula                        weight of compound) X 100% |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | Percent Yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield) X 100% |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Equilibrium constant (Law of Mass Action), Keq |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Ratio of forward and backward rate |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Total internal energy of a system (ΔU) |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Heat released or absorbed by a process, q |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | enthalpy of a reaction, ΔHrxn |  | Definition 
 
        | ΔHrxn = Hproducts - Hreactants |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Standard Heat of Reaction, ΔH°rxn |  | Definition 
 
        | ΔH°rxn = Σ(ΔH°f of products) - Σ(ΔH°f of reactants) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Boltzmann constant (gas laws), k |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | µ = qr   q is the charge magnitude, r is the distance between partial charges |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | ΔS = Qrev         T   where Q = heat gained or lost in a reversible process |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | standard entropy change for a reaction |  | Definition 
 
        | ΔS°rxn = ΣΔS°products -ΣΔS°reactants |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Standard Gibbs Free Energy |  | Definition 
 
        | ΔG°rxn = Σ(ΔG°f of products) -Σ(ΔG°f of reactants) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Free Energy related to Equilibrium Constant |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Spontaneity of a reaction at some point of the process |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Kinetic Energy of a molecule of gas (KE) |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | effusion, the flow of gas from one compartment to another |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | V/T = k or V1/T1 = V2/T2 or V/T = nR/P |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Van der Waals Equation of State |  | Definition 
 
        | (P + n2a) (V - nb) = nRT (V2)_____________ |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | ΔG = G(g) - G(s) = 0   or    G(g) = G(s) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Vapor point depression (Raolt's Law) |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | number of dissolved ions per mole of solute; for example, for NaCl, i = 2 |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Solubility Product Constant, Ksp |  | Definition 
 
        | In a solution dissolving AmBn(s) ↔ mAn+(aq) + nBm-(aq)   Ksp = [An+]m[Bm-]n |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Water Dissociation Constant, Kw |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | pH = -log[H+] = log (1/[H+]) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | titration of acids and bases |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | Ka = [H3O+][A-]         [HA]   Kb = [B+][OH-]         [BOH] |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Product of acid and base dissociation constant |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | pH of a weak acid considering its conjugate base |  | Definition 
 
        | pH = pKa + log [conjugate base]                     [weak acid] |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | pOH of a weak base considering its conjugate acid |  | Definition 
 
        | pOH = pKb + log [conjugate acid]                          [weak base] |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | emf° = E°cath - E°anode = E°red + E°ox |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | emf and Gibbs Free Energy |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Nernst Equation, effect of concentration on emf of a cell |  | Definition 
 
        | Ecell = E°cell - (RT) (ln Q)             (nF) |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | relation of emf and the equilibrium constant, Keq |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 | Definition 
 | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | Standard Free Energy of a Cell |  | Definition 
 
        | ΔG° = -nFE°cell = -RT ln Keq   or more simply   nFE°cell = RT ln Keq |  | 
        |  | 
        
        | Term 
 
        | natural log of a number that is less than 1 |  | Definition 
 | 
        |  |