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| Negatively charged subatomic particles that exist on the outside of the nuclei of atoms |
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| What was Dalton's Atomic Theory? |
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1) All elements are composed of tiny invisible particles called atoms.
2) Atoms of the same element are identical. The atoms of any one element are different from those of any other element. |
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| Positively charged subatomic particles located inside the nucleus of an atom. They have the same mass as neutrons. |
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| Subatomic particles with no charge whatsoever, but with a mass nearly equal to that of a proton. They too are located inside the nucleus of an atom. |
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| Which scientist tested a theory of atomic structure using alpha particles and a sheet of gold foil? |
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| Ernest Rutherford in 1911. |
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| What is the atomic number? |
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| The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element. |
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| The total number of protons and electrons in an atom. |
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| Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. |
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| 1/12th the mass of a Carbon-12 atom. |
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| 1/12th the mass of a Carbon-12 atom. |
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| The weighted average f the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of the element. |
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| What is the periodic table? |
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| The periodic table is an arragement |
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| What is a chemical formula? |
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| A formula which shows the kinds of numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of the substance. |
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| What is a molecular formula? |
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| A formula which shows the kinds and numbers of atoms present in a molecule of a compound. |
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| The lowest whole-number ratio of ions in the compound. |
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| State the Law of Definite Proportions |
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| In samples of any chemical compound, the mases of the elements are always in the same proportions. |
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| State the Law of Multiple Proportions |
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| Whenever two elements form more than one compound, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small whole numbers. |
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| Ions that consist of only one atom. The charges can be determined through the periodic table. |
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| Tightly bound groups of atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge. |
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| List the prefixes used to name Binary Molecular Compounds starting with "Mono" for 1. |
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| A mole is a unit of meausrement like a dozen, which represents 6.02x1023 representative particles of a substance |
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| What is Avagadro's number? |
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| What is the Gram Atomic Mass (gam)? |
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| The atomic mass of an element expressed in grams. |
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| The mass of one mole of an ionic compound. |
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| The mass (in grams) of one mole of the substance |
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| What is the molar volume of a gas (at STP)? |
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| Define Percent Composition. |
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The relative amounts of each element in a compound.
Or by the percent by mass of each element in a compound. |
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| What is the use of the Empirical Formula? |
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| It gives the lowest whole-number ratio of the atoms of the elements in a compound. |
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| How do you determine the molecular formula from the empirical formula? |
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- Ensure that you have the empirical formula, and its molar mass.
- Determine the Empirical Formula Mass (efm), by finding the molar mass of the empirical formula.
- Divide the molar mass by the Empirical Formula Mass.
- Multiply the subscripts of the empirical formula by that number.
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| The substanes on the left hand side of a chemical equation. |
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| The substances on the right hand side of the chemical equation. |
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| What happens in a combination reaction? |
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| Two or more substances combine to become a single substance. The reactants are either two elements or two compounds. |
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| What happens in a decomposition reaction? |
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| A single compound is broken down into two or more products. They can be any combination of elements and compounds. |
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| What happens in a single replacement reaction? |
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| One element replaces a second element in a compound. (A.K.A. Single Displacement). Whether or not one element will replace another one is determined by the activity series of metals table. |
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| What happens in a double replacement reaction? |
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Double replacement reactions involve an exchange of positive ions between two reacting compounds.
One of the following rules must be true for this type of reaction to occur:
- One product is only slightly soluble and precipitates from solution.
- One product is a gas that bubbles out of the mixture.
- One product is a molecular compound such as water.
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| What happens in a combustion reaction? |
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An element or a compound reacts with oxygen, often producing energy as heat and light. These reactions commonly include hydrocarbons, compounds of hyrdrogen and carbon.
O2 will always be a reactant. |
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| Electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element's atoms |
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| In forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas. An octet is a set of eight. |
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| What are electron dot structures? |
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| Electron dot structures are diagrams that illustrate valence electrons as dots. |
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| The forces of attraction that bind cations and anions (oppositely charged ions) |
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| What is a single covalent bond? |
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| A bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons. |
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