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| the one or more substances in a chemical equation that react to form a new substance (products) |
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| the one or more new substances produced from a chemical reaction |
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| provides a pair of electrons to be shared |
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| accepts a pair of electrons to be shared |
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| when a species loses electrons (oxidation state increases) |
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| when a species gains electrons (oxidation state decreases) |
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| species that loses electrons |
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| species that gains electrons |
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| solubility: sodium compounds |
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| solubility: potassium compounds |
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| solubility: ammonium compounds |
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| soluble UNLESS with large cation (Ca2+, Ba2+) |
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| If |charge of cation|*|charge of anion| > 3, the substance is insoluble |
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Malleability
Ductility
Metallic luster
Good Electrical Conductor
Good heat conductor |
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| solid metal solutions, which are harder than their constituents with lower melting point than their consituents |
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one metal takes the place of the host metal, leaving the crystal structure in place
ex/ bronze- copper atoms are replaced by tin atoms |
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the core structure is not iterrupted, the other metal atoms fit between the host metal's atoms
ex/ steel |
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| part of electromagnetic spectrum from 400 nm to 700 nm |
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| requirements to see color (4) |
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Light source
an object
a receptor
a brain (to interpret the color) |
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Blackbody radiator (heat object until it gives off light)
Excited electrons
fluoresence |
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| inorganic, ionic solids, which are insoluble in water |
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| dxy, dyz, dxz, dz^2, dx^2-dy^2 |
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| special name for Lewis bases, which is an electron pair donor |
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| number of ligands attached to the central metal cation in a complex ion (usually 4 or 6) |
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| criteria for color (in d-block ions) |
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at least one electron in one of 3 lower energy orbitals
empty space for electron to go in an upper level orbital
difference in energy between two levels must correspond with an energy change in visible part of spectrum |
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| the energy separation between the two sets of d orbitals |
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| spectrochemical series (large to small change in energy) |
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CN-
No2-
NH3
H2O
OH-
F-
Cl-
Br-
I- |
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| L*a*b* (meaning of coordinants) |
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L=lightness
+a=red
+b=yellow
-a=green
-b=blue |
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