Term
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Definition
-basic unit of an element that can enter into a chemical combination
-composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons |
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Term
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Definition
- (+) or +1
- m=1837 times that of an electron
- actual mass= 1.673 x10^(-24) |
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Term
| Electron(charge and mass) |
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Definition
-(-) or -1
- mass=9.110x10^(-28)
- mass=1/1837 of a H atom |
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Term
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Definition
- cations- (+) - loses electrons
-anions- (-) - gains electrons |
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Term
| Atomic number is the number of.. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mass number is the number of.. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| - atoms with the same number of protons/atomic# but has different mass numbers |
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Definition
- average mass of all naturally occuring isotopes of that element
- takes into account relative abundance of the elements isotopes |
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Term
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Definition
| - % of atoms of a natural sample of the pure element represented by a particular isotope to describe isotope composition for an element |
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Term
| Periodic Table (horiz/vert) |
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Definition
- Horizontal- period
- Vertical- group |
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Term
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Definition
- alkali metals
- very reactive
-shiny solids that react vigorously with air, water, |
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Term
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Definition
- alkaline earth metals
- not quite as reactive
- react with water to form alkaline solutions |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- noble gases
- rare gases/ inert gases
- least reactive elements |
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Term
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Definition
- main group elements
- group number followed by letter A |
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Term
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Definition
| - Group # followed by letter B |
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Term
| Lanthanides and Actinides |
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Definition
| - portions of periods 6 and 7 that are below the main body |
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Term
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Definition
- good conductors of heat and electricity
-high luster (shiny)
- high melting point
- high density
- solids at room temperature (Hg- mercury- liquid) |
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Term
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Definition
-poor conductors of heat and electricity
- no lustrous, relative dull
- low melting point and density
- C, P, S, SE, I are solids
-Br- liquid
- the rest are gases H, N, O, F, Cl, He, Ar, Kr, Xe, Ra |
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Term
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Definition
- intermediate between properties of metal and nonmetals
- raw materials or semiconductors device that make the electronic industry possible
- B, Si, Ge, Te, Sb, As, Po |
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Term
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Definition
- aggregate of at least 2 atoms in a definite arrangement held together by chemical forces/ chemical bonds
-smallest unit of a compound |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- one or two or more distinct forms of an element
- differ in chemical and physical propterties |
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Term
| Covalent (molecular) compound |
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Definition
- all elements in the compund are nonmetals
- contain discrete molecular units
- inorganic acids
-many are binary compounds (02) |
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Term
| Molecular covalent compound |
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Definition
| -molecule formed by covalent bonds in which atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons |
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Term
| Network Covalent Compound |
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Definition
- chemical compound in which atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous network (SiO2)
- there are no individual molecules and the entire crystal may be considered a macromolecule |
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Term
| Molecular vs Empirical formula |
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Definition
-Molecular- shows the exact # of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance
-Empirical- shows the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms in a substance molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| -shows linkage of all the atoms in the molecule |
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Term
| Condensed structural forumla |
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Definition
| -lists atoms present in groups to indicate connectivity between the atoms |
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Term
| Molecular Compound naming |
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Definition
- cation first, then anion
-first element listed is the one "more metal like"
-prefixes are written before the name of the element to indicate # of atoms present |
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Term
| Mono, Di, Tri, deca, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca, dodeca |
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Definition
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Term
| Molecular compound exceptions-NH3 |
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Definition
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Term
| Molecular compound exceptions-CH4 |
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Definition
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Term
| Molecular compound exceptions-H20 |
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Definition
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Term
| Molecular compound exceptions-PH3 |
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Definition
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Term
| Molecular compound exceptions-H2S |
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Definition
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Term
| Molecular compound exceptions-B2H6 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-carbon and hydrogen compounds
-simplest of all organic compounds
-used as fuels starting material for chemistry industry |
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Term
| How are organic compounds determined |
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Definition
| -by functional groups chemically bound to parents compound |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-carbonxyl group
-carboxylic acid- organic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| -the branch of chemistry that deals with carbon compound and functional groups |
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Term
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Definition
-have no branches
-*SINGLE* carbon chain/bond
-formula: CnH2n+2 where n is greater or equal to 1 |
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Term
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Definition
-contains *at least one* carbon-carbon *double bond*
-formula: CnH2n where n is greater or equal to 1 |
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Term
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Definition
-contain at *least one* carbon-carbon *triple bond*
-formula: CnH2n-2 where n is greater or equal to 1 |
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Term
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Definition
-produces H+ ions in water
- any substance that dissolves and dissociated into ions and one is H+ |
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Term
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Definition
- H cation called hydro-
- anion with the -ide ending becomes -ic |
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Term
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Definition
-write the prefix hydro-
- followed by the stem of the 2nd element of the suffix add ic
-add the word acid
-make sure to add aqueous (aq) after the word "acid" |
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Term
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Definition
| - acids where anion is polyatomic |
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Term
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Definition
-if the ending is -ite -> change to -ous
if the ending is -ate -> change to -ic
- if there are more than 2 ions in the series, prefixes "hypo" (less than) and "per" (more than) are used |
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Term
| NO3- (name and oxoacidic name & formula if applicable) |
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Definition
-Nitrate
-HNO3 nitric acid |
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Term
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Definition
- polyatomic ions containing oxygen
- contain different numbers of oxygen
-are named by the number of oxygen in the ion
-if there are 2 in series, the one with more oxygen atoms ends in -ate
-the one with few ends with -ite
-more than 2 ions in the series, "hypo" and "per" are used |
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Term
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Definition
-formed from cations and anions
-species that carry a net (+) or(-) charge
-most are solids with a high melting point
- |
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Term
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Definition
-single atom ion
-EX:K+, O-2, Al3+ |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Elements in the same group have... |
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Definition
| -similar chemical and physical properties |
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Term
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Definition
-are the main-group elements
-also called the representative elements |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -the subscript on the cation is numerically equal to the charge of the anion and the subscript of the anion is numerically equal to the charge of the cation |
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Term
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Definition
| -groups of covalently bonded ions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hydrocarbonate or bicarbonate Formula |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ionic compund rules and properties |
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Definition
-formula written in the empirical
-they are 3-D crystal networks
-formula tells cations to anions
-charges in ionic compounds MUST equal 0 |
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Term
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Definition
- express the composition of molecules and ionic compounds in terms of chemical symbols
-indicates number of elements and relative number of atoms in a compound
-change the number in a subscript and you change the compound |
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Term
| Ionic Compound naming rules |
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Definition
-write the name of the cation
-write the name of the stem for the anion and add the suffix "-ide" |
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Term
| Name the polyatomic ion: KNO3 |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the polyatomic ion: Fe(OH)2 |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the polyatomic ion: KNO2 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- formed from more than 3 elements
-one or more of the ions is polyatomic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Only liquid nonmetal at RT |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and
radon |
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Term
| Naming Inorganic Compounds |
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Definition
-identify the ions
-name the cations in order given and follow with the names of the anions |
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Term
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Definition
| Sodium Hydrogen carbonate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- for transition metals
-when a compound contains a metal that forms more than one cation, the charge on the cation or the metal is designated by a roman numeral immediately following the name of the metal |
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Term
| Transition metals naming rules |
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Definition
-Write the name of the cation
-write the charge of the cation as roman numerals in (...)
- write the stem of the anion and add "-ide" |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -when a metaalic ion has only 2 types of cations, the name of the metal is modified with suffixes -ous (for the lower charge) and "-ic" (for the higher charge) |
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Term
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Definition
-contain only nonmetals
-are named using prefixes to indicate # of each element in the formula |
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Term
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Definition
-contain monatomic and polyatomic ions
-usually contain metals and nonmetals
-NEVER named using prefixes
-sometimes name with cation charge in roman numerals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional
structure that can easily be drawn on paper
- bonds are represented by lines (bonds that lie in the plane of the paper)
-wedges (bonds that lie in front of the plane of the paper)
-dashes (bonds that lie behind the plane of the paper) |
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Term
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Definition
-shows atoms as colored spheres connected by sticks that represent
covalent bonds. |
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Term
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Definition
-interpenetrating spheres represent the relative amount of
space occupied by each atom in the molecule |
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Term
| Most common covalent bond categories |
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Definition
| -binary nonmetals and inorganic acids |
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Term
| Binary nonmetal compounds |
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Definition
-consist of only two elements, both nonmetals
- named using prefixes and -ide |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-form H+ ions when dissolved in water
-compounds that contain hyderogen and one or more nonmetals |
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Term
| Inorganic acids are named... |
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Definition
| -like binary compounds but without prefixes |
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Term
| hydrogen halides are named... gas phase...aqueous phase.... |
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Definition
-like binary compounds *when in gas form*
- are named with common names when aqueous |
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Term
| Metals in Groups 1A, 2A, and 3A form.... ions and there charge is |
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Definition
| -equal to the group number of the element. |
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Term
| Nonmetals in Groups 5A, 6A, and 7A form....ions and there charge is |
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Definition
| -equal to 8 minus the group number of the element. |
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