Term
The Elements
All elements are ____ substances and made up of ___ atom. |
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Definition
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Term
The Elements
Most common elements are: ____,____,____,____. |
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Definition
| Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen. |
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Term
The Elements
examples:
Sulfur is in ___ ___.
Phosphorus is in ___ and ___.
Iron is in ____ transport and ____ transport.
Sodium is in ____ impulses and _____ activities and _____ balance. |
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Definition
amino acids;
DNA and RNA;
oxygen, electron;
nerve impulses, metabolic activities, osmotic |
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Term
The Elements
When two or more atoms combine and form a molecule it is called a ______. |
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Definition
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Term
The Elements
If an atom or molecule has a negative charge it is called a _____. |
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Definition
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Term
Water
Water is formed by a ______ bond between an _____ and two _____ atoms. |
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Definition
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Term
Water
When there is an unequal sharing of electrons it is called a ____________ bond. This causes a ____________ distribution. |
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Definition
polar covalent;
unequal charge |
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Term
Water
When there is a unequal charge distribution hydrogen has a partial _____ charge and water has a partial _____ charge |
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Definition
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Term
Water
A __________ is when a hydrogen in one polar covalent molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of another polar covalent molecule. |
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Definition
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Term
Hydrogen Bonds
- it is only an _______ not a real bond
-it does not change _________
-it is ______ then a covalent or ionic bond |
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Definition
interaction;
chemical properties;
weaker |
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Term
Bonds
_______ is the binding of two molecules of the same type
_______ is the binding btw different polar molecules |
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Definition
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Term
The Solvent Properties of Water
mean that it forms a shell around ____ and ____ molecules keeping them in solution. |
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Definition
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Term
| Water is referred to as the ______ _____. |
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Definition
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Term
Organic Molecules
Chemistry of all life, or organics, is based on _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| A covalent bond is represented by a ____ ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ are large molecules that result from assembling long chains of repeated subunits called _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| RNA is made up of _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Polypeptides are made up of ______. |
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Definition
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Term
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are composed of ______, _______, and ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbohydrates have a ratio of _H:_O |
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Definition
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Term
Monomers, or subunits, of Carbohydrates are ________.
(ex. ribose, fructose, and glucose) |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ is a disaccharide formed from two glucose molecules and one water molecule. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is made from one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is made from one glucose molecule and one galactose molecule |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ are carbohydrates with many monomers. |
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Definition
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Term
Examples:
Monosaccharides> ____ and ____ |
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Definition
| glucose (energy for animal cells) and fructose ( in plant nectar) |
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Term
Examples:
Disaccharide> ___ and ____ |
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Definition
| lactose (sugar in milk) and sucrose (transports carbohydrates) |
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Term
Examples:
Polysaccharides> ___ and ____ |
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Definition
| glycogen (carb storage in liver) and cellulose (in cell walls) |
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Term
Condensation and Hydrolysis
Monosaccharides, Amino Acids, and Nucleotides are the subunits of ________, ________, and _______. |
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Definition
| polysaccharides, polypeptides, and nucleic acids |
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Term
| When subunits combine they do so by ______, which yields ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| When subunits spilt they do so by _____, and ____ needs to be added. |
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Definition
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Term
Lipids
Lipids are molecules that contain _____, ____, ______, and _____. |
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Definition
| steroids, waxes, fatty acids, and triglycerides |
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Term
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Definition
| hormones (muscle and reproduction) |
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Term
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Definition
| hydrophobic barriers (keep water out) |
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Term
| Fatty acids work as _____. |
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Definition
| structure support in membrane |
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Term
| Triglycerides are both ___ and ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Triglycerides form when 3 ___ ___ combine with one molecule of glycerol. |
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Definition
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Term
| When Triglycerides form three water molecules are produced, this is called _____. When they are broken down it is called ________. |
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Definition
condensation reaction;
hydrolysis |
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Term
| Lipids are for ____ term energy storage and have more _____ then carbohydrates. |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbohydrates are more _____ then lipids, are more easy to _____, and have strong impact of the osmotic balance. |
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Definition
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Term
Amino Acids and Proteins
- can change from ____ to ______ and also ____ to ____. |
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Definition
polar to non-polar;
positive to negative charge |
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Term
| The bond between two amino acids is called ______ bond. |
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Definition
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Term
| Also bond by ______ and break bonds by _____. |
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Definition
| condensation and hydrolysis |
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Term
Protein Structure
A chain of amino acids is called a _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is termed _______ structure. |
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Definition
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Term
| A polypeptide has _____ bonds. |
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Definition
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Term
| It folds in a way that ______ bonds form between the carboxyl and amino groups. |
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Definition
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Term
| This folding forms a pattern within the polypeptide called ______ structures. |
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Definition
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Term
| A _______ structure refers to the overall 3-D shape of a protein caused by the interaction of R-groups with one another and surrounding water medium. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ can from in a single polypeptide chain or they can form in more then one. |
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Definition
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Term
examples:
Lysozyme is ____ chain.
Insulin is _____ polypeptides.
Hemoglobin is _____ chains. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ structure refers to the way polypeptides fit together when there is one then one chain. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ activity of a structure is related to its structure. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ and _____ changes alter structure and biological activity of a structure. |
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Definition
| Temperature and pH levels |
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Term
| When a protein looses its structure it is _________. |
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Definition
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Term
Fibrous Proteins are ______, _____ in water and physically _____.
(ex. elastin and collagen [skin and hair]) |
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Definition
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Term
Globular Proteins are _____ and ___, and water _______.
(ex. enzyme and proteins [sucrase, insulin, immunoglobulins, Na/K pumps]) |
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Definition
round and compact;
soluable |
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