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Chemical Testing by Dipstick
Principle reactions, confirmatory testing, false positives and negatives, and correlating diseases
46
Medical
Undergraduate 3
08/27/2014

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Cards

Term
pH Principle
Definition
Double-indicator system
Term
Protein Principle
Definition
Error of indicators
Term
Glucose Principle
Definition
Glucose oxidase
Term
Ketone Principle
Definition
Sodium nitroprusside
Term
Blood Principle
Definition
Pseudo-peroxidase
Term
Bilirubin Principle
Definition
Diazo reaction
Term
Urobilinogen Principle
Definition
Ehrlich's reaction
Term
Nitrites Principle
Definition
Griess reaction
Term
Leukocytes Principle
Definition
Granulocytic esterase
Term
Specific Gravity Principle
Definition
pK changeof polyelectrolyte
Term
Acid pH significance
Definition
Starvation, diabetes type 1, respiratory diseases, medications
Term
Alkaline pH significance
Definition
Most UTIs, vegetarianism, improperly stored urine
Term
Proteinuria
Definition
Renal disease
Term
Glycosuria/glucosuria
Definition
Diabetes mellitus, impaired tubular reabsorption, gestational diabetes
Term
Ketone positive
Definition
Diabetes mellitus with insulin deficiency, starvation, vomiting, low-carb diet, GI malabsorption
Term
Blood positive-cloudy urine, speckled dipstick
Definition
Intact RBCs, kidney stones, menstrual contamination
Term
Blood positive-clear urine, solid dipstick
Definition
Hemoglobin-intravascular hemolysis
Myoglobin-muscle trauma or heart attack
Term
Bilirubin positive
Definition
Hepatitis, liver disease
Term
Urobilinogen positive, bilirubin negative
Definition
Hemolytic anemia
Term
Bilirubin positive, urobilinogen neg
Definition
bile duct obstruction
Term
Nitrites positive
Definition
Cystitis, pyelonephritis, UTI
Term
Leukocyte esterase positive/pyuria
Definition
Infection or inflammation
Term
Protein confirmatory testing
Definition
SSA
Term
Glucose confirmatory testing
Definition
Clinitest
Term
Ketone confirmatory testing
Definition
Acetest
Term
Bilirubin confirmatory testing
Definition
Ictotest
Term
Protein negative, SSA positive
Definition
Bence Jones proteins-multiple myeloma
False positives-drugs and dyes
Term
Glucose negative, clinitest positive
Definition
Galactose or other sugars
Term
Glucose 1+ positive, clinitest negative
Definition
Small amount of Glucose
Term
Glucose positive, clinitest negative
Definition
Error
Term
Protein false positive
Definition
Highly alkaline urine
Term
Protein false negative
Definition
Bence Jones protein, microalbumin
Term
Glucose false negative
Definition
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), unpreserved specimen (glycolysis)
Term
Ketone false positive
Definition
Pigmented urine (drugs, meds, dyes)
Term
Ketone false negative
Definition
Evaporation due to improperly stored specimen
Term
Blood false positive
Definition
Menstrual contamination
Term
Blood false negative
Definition
High SG
Term
Bilirubin false positive
Definition
Pigments from drugs or dyes
Term
Bilirubin false negative
Definition
Exposure to light
Term
Urobilinogen false positive
Definition
Other "Ehrlich-reacting" compounds, pigments
Term
Urobilinogen false negative
Definition
Exposure to light
Term
Nitrites false positive
Definition
Unpreserved urine
Term
Nitrites false negative
Definition
Not all bacteria produce nitrite, urine not in bladder long enough
Term
Leukocyte esterase false negative
Definition
High levels of Glucose, protein, and high SG
Term
SG false positive
Definition
High protein
Term
SG false negative
Definition
Urine pH of 6.5 or over
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