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Chemical Structure and Change
Elements
34
Science
5th Grade
07/21/2012

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Term
chemical
Definition
any of the many substance that make up the matter of the universe
Term
mass
Definition
the amount of matter in a body or object
Term
element
Definition
a pure substance that can not be broken down by chemical means. ex. coppery, gold, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen
Term
Robert Boyle
Definition
founder of modern chemistry
Term
atom
Definition
smallest part of an element
Term
nucleus
Definition
center of the atom
Term
Planetary model (Bohr Model)
Definition
nucleus of the atom is the sun, electrons are the planets that orbit around the nucleus
Term
Electron Cloud Model
Definition
electrons swarm about the nucleus in an incredibly fast way
Term
Simplified Model of An Atom
Definition
electron move around the nucleus
Term
molecules
Definition
chemical combination of two or more atoms
Term
compounds
Definition
when atoms of one kind combine with atoms of another kind/substance whose molecules consists of atoms that are chemically united
Term
chemical symbol
Definition
symbol/abbreviation for the name of an element ex. Fe=Iron
Term
chemical formula
Definition
Ex. H20
Term
weight
Definition
is a measurement of the pull of gravity on an object or body
Term
relative weights
Definition
a system of comparing atomic weights Remember that atomic weight is always a weight that is compared to the element carbon.
Term
3 kinds of sub-atomic particles
Definition
protons, neutrons, and electrons
Term
protons
Definition
have an electrical plus (or positive) charge (+)
Term
electrons
Definition
have a minus (or negative) charge (-)
Term
neutrons
Definition
do not have an electrical charge, they are neutral
Term
atomic number
Definition
is the number of protons contained in the nucleus of an atom Ex. Carbon has an atomic number of 6. This number means that has six protons in the nucleus
Term
atomic weight
Definition
is computed by adding protons and neutrons together. Carbon's atomic weight is 6+6=12 amu (electrons is no longer considered because they're so tiny that is does not affect much of the weight of the atom
Term
Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev
Definition
Russian chemist who developed the table of elements
Term
IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)
Definition
the authority which credits the discovery of elements and assign names to them
Term
118
Definition
super heavy element
Term
metals (metal elements)
Definition
elements on the left of the stair-steps (except hydrogen)
Term
non-metals (non-metal element)
Definition
elements on the right of the stair-steps
Term
rare earth elements
Definition
the last two rows at the very bottom
Term
man-made elements
Definition
elements beginning with atomic number 93
Term
radioactive elements
Definition
elements in the 7th row of the periodic table of elements
Term
acids and bases
Definition
two important classes of compounds
Term
acids
Definition
are electron pair acceptors. (taste sour or sharp) ex. weak acids: citric found in citrus fruit, (lemons, oranges, grapefruits, and limes), vinegar contain tiny amount of acetic acid, boris is used an an antiseptic
Term
bases
Definition
chemical substance that provides a pair of electrons to form a chemical bond. (usually feels slick or soapy, most bases have bitter taste ex. baking soda and ammonia (bases break downs grease)
Term
neutralize
Definition
acids and bases work against each other, when mixed they neutralize each other. to neutralize means to cancel each other. (strong acids and bases when mixed will spatter and cause severe burns to skin and eyes.)
Term
litmus paper or phenolphthalein
Definition
indicator to detect the presence of an acid or base in a solution. acids turn blue litmus paper to red. bases turn red litmus paper blue.
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